转型期英国人口迁移与城市发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 22:17

本文选题：转型期 + 英国　；参考：《首都师范大学》2000年博士论文

【摘要】： 本选题是对英格兰人口问题的一个侧面——人口迁移和城市发展进行专题研究。人口迁移是一个古老的现象，古已有之。但在传统的农业社会，人口迁移的规模不大，迁移的方向主要是从一个农村迁往另一个农村，通常是从人口密集的狭乡迁往人口相对稀少的宽地。在由传统农业社会向近代工业社会的转型期，随着工业的发展和城市的扩展，迁移的规模不断扩大，并对社会经济的发展产生了深远影响。英国是世界各国由农本封建主义文明向工商资本主义文明转型的先驱，因此，转型期英国农村人口向城市的迁移具有一定的典型性，本文主要从4个方面对人口迁移的发生、规模、类型、产生的社会经济影响以及与城市发展的关系进行论述：第一，对这一时期人口迁移的原因进行了详细的分析和探讨。人口移动或迁移，从个人角度看，无疑是受利益驱动。但从社会角度看，却是在特定的社会生产方式制约下进行的。所以，从本质上说，人口迁移是一种社会经济现象。转型期英格兰人口迁移的主要原因是：农村人口的快速增长对土地资源形成的压力、农村社会经济转型释放出大批劳动力、城市经济发展形成的拉力因素以及制度变革的影响等四个方面。这四个因素共同起作用，对这一时期的人口迁移产生着影响。第二，对迁移人口的规模与特征进行了分析。该章通过大量资料论证了这一时期英格兰的人口迁移存在前后两个不同的类型和模式，提出在17世纪中期以前，人口迁移属于人口压迫生产力类型的迁移，即生产力落后，造成人口从农村外流。也就是说它们主要是属于生计型迁移。17 世纪中期以后，人口迁移主要不是由于生产力发展不足，而是生产力的增长要求人口从农村向外迁移。也就是说主要属于改善型迁移。同时，对人口迁移的规模作了分析和估算，并分析了迁移人口的年龄、性别、职业、地区和文化特征。第三，论证了人口迁移与城市发展的关系。本章从这一时期城市人口增长的特点入手分析了人口迁移在城市发展中的作用。当然，不同规模和类型的城市对移民依赖的程度也不同，论文还以伦敦为例进行了个案分析。第四，，论证了人口迁移与社会转型的关系。人口是社会经济发展的基本要素，劳动力是社会经济发展的根本资源。人口迁移与城市化是使劳动力与其它经济要素实现最佳结合的重要机制。人口城市化不仅对迁出地——农村的社会经济产生巨大影响，而且对迁入地——城市的社会经济也产生巨大影响。人口从乡村向城市的迁移有利于英格兰由传统社会向现代社会的转型，促进了工业革命的爆发。文章最后概述了英国人口迁移的特点，以及英国的人口迁移与城市发展为我们提供的经验和教训。
[Abstract]:This topic is one aspect of the population problem in England - population migration and urban development. Population migration is a special topic.
It is an ancient phenomenon. But in the traditional agricultural society, the population migration is small, the direction of migration is mainly from
A country to another country, usually from densely populated county to the less populated one. In the traditional agriculture society
In the transition period of modern industrial society, with the development of industry and the expansion of the city, the scale of the migration is expanding, and the society has passed.
Has produced profound influence economic development. The UK is a pioneer in the world of transition from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization of capitalism feudalism,
Therefore, the migration of the British rural population to the city in the transition period has some typical characteristics. This paper mainly transfers the population from 4 aspects.
The relationship between occurrence, size, type, social and economic impact and the relationship with urban development is discussed.
First, the reasons for the migration of population in this period are analyzed and discussed in detail. Population movement or migration, from a personal point of view
There is no doubt that it is driven by interest. But from a social point of view, it is carried out under the restriction of a specific mode of social production. So,
In essence, the migration of population is a social and economic phenomenon. The main reason for the migration of England population in the transition period is the rapid development of the rural population.
The pressure of rapid growth on the formation of land resources, the release of large numbers of labor force in the transformation of rural social economy and the pull of urban economic development
Four aspects, such as factors and the influence of institutional change. These four factors play a role in the migration of population in this period.
Ring.
Second, the scale and characteristics of the migrated population are analyzed. This chapter demonstrates the people of England in this period through a large amount of data.
There are two different types and patterns before and after the migration of the mouth, and it is proposed that before the mid seventeenth Century, population migration belongs to the oppressive production of population.
The migration of force types, namely, the backward productivity, causes the population to flow out of the countryside. That is to say, they belong to the livelihood type migration.17.
After the middle of the century, the migration of the population was not due to the lack of productivity, but the growth of the productive forces required the population to go out of the countryside.
Migration. In other words, it mainly belongs to the improved migration. At the same time, the scale of population migration is analyzed and estimated, and the migration is analyzed.
Age, sex, occupation, regional and cultural characteristics of the population.
Third, it demonstrates the relationship between population migration and urban development. This chapter begins with the analysis of the characteristics of urban population growth in this period.
The role of population migration in urban development is, of course, the degree of dependence on migrants for different sizes and types of cities.
Case analysis was carried out in London as an example.
Fourth, it demonstrates the relationship between population migration and social transformation. Population is the basic element of social and economic development, and the labor force is a society.
The fundamental resources of economic development. Population migration and urbanization are the important mechanisms to make the best combination of labor and other economic factors.
The urbanization of population not only has a great influence on the rural economy, but also the social economy of the migrated land - the city.
The migration of the population from the countryside to the city is conducive to the transformation of England from the traditional society to the modern society, and the promotion of the transformation of the population to the modern society.
The outbreak of the industrial revolution.
At the end of this article, the characteristics of the population migration in the UK and the experience of the population migration and urban development in Britain are provided.
Lesson.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K561.33;K561.4

【引证文献】