美国对古巴遏制政策的起源

发布时间：2018-04-13 05:07

本文选题：遏制 + 禁运　；参考：《东北师范大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：古巴是世界上为数不多的美国尚未与其建立正常外交关系的国家之一，然而，美国却不能忽略古巴，不仅是因为古巴在地理位置上与美国很近，而且也因为古巴是对第三世界有重要影响的国家。在美国决策者看来，古巴不仅威胁美国本土，而且也威胁其盟国，从而影响美国的全球战略。因此，在美苏冷战的前提下，美国从全球战略出发，对古巴采取长期遏制和封锁政策。遏制政策是战后美国历届政府对外政策中的一条主线，战后美国对外政策的核心之一就是遏制苏联及其他社会主义国家。冷战初期，美国对苏联、东欧、中国及古巴等社会主义国家的遏制封锁政策尤为突出。然而随着中美建交，美国对中国的长期敌对关系开始缓和，东欧剧变、苏联解体，世界范围的冷战结束，美国和俄罗斯的关系也开始缓和。这种全球性的缓和，并没有改变美国对古巴的敌对政策，美国与古巴之间的冷战状态仍然存在，反古宣传、对古巴经济的全面封锁制裁，外交上孤立等仍然是美国目前对古巴遏制政策的主要内容。本文试图通过对美古关系的历史回顾，认清普拉特修正案的实质；古巴革命胜利后，美国对古巴革命的反应(政治、军事、经济、外交)；古巴导弹危机时美国的对古巴政策及1964年以后美古关系、基本趋向等一系列问题的深入研究，使我们更好地理解美国对古巴遏制政策的特点及美国和古巴敌对关系存在原因。全文共分六章：第一章、绪论：概述了本项研究的选题意义、价值及研究方法，并对国内外的研究现状进行了介绍。第二章、美古关系的历史回顾。主要论述古巴革命前美国是如何从政治、经济、军事等方面控制古巴的。第三章、艾森豪威尔政府时期的美国对古巴政策。艾森豪威尔政府经历了对古巴由观望到敌视的政策转变过程，随着古巴土地改革及苏古关系加强，美国开始制定、实施各项措施，旨在实现推翻卡斯特罗政权的政策目标。第四章、肯尼迪政府初期的对古巴政策。肯尼迪政府延续艾森豪威尔政府时期的对古巴政策，加强了对古巴政治、经济、军事等各方面的控制，初步形成了对古巴遏制政策。第五章、古巴导弹危机及美国对古巴遏制政策的形成。古巴导弹危机使人们清楚地看到，美国在国家安全受到威胁时所采取的强硬政策。通过对古巴的完全禁运和“集体制裁”，最终形成了对古巴的遏制政策。第六章、主要概述1964年以后美古关系的基本趋向及对影响美国对古巴政策制定的因素进行分析总结。关键词:遏制禁运制裁古巴导弹危机
[Abstract]:Cuba is one of the few countries in the world with which the United States has not yet established normal diplomatic relations. However, the United States cannot ignore Cuba, not only because Cuba is geographically close to the United States,And because Cuba is a country that has an important influence on the third world.To American policymakers, Cuba threatens not only the United States but also its allies, thus influencing America's global strategy.Therefore, under the premise of the Cold War, the United States adopted a long-term policy of containment and blockade against Cuba from the global strategy.Containment policy is one of the main lines in the foreign policy of successive American governments after the war, and one of the core of American foreign policy after the war is to contain the Soviet Union and other socialist countries.At the beginning of the Cold War, the United States' policy of containment and blockade against the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China and Cuba was particularly prominent.However, with the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the long-term hostile relations between the United States and China began to ease, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the end of the cold war around the world, and the relations between the United States and Russia began to ease.This global detente has not changed the hostile policy of the United States towards Cuba. The cold war between the United States and Cuba still exists. Anti-Cuban propaganda and comprehensive embargo sanctions against the Cuban economy,Diplomatic isolation is still the main content of the current U. S. containment policy toward Cuba.This paper attempts to recognize the essence of the Pratt Amendment through a historical review of the US-Cuban relations; the reaction of the United States to the Cuban Revolution after the victory of the Cuban Revolution (political, military, economic,Diplomatic affairs; in-depth study of a series of issues such as the United States' policy towards Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis and the basic trend of US-Cuba relations since 1964,It gives us a better understanding of the characteristics of the United States containment policy towards Cuba and the reasons for the hostile relations between the United States and Cuba.The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one, introduction: the significance, value and research methods of this research are summarized, and the current research situation at home and abroad is introduced.The second chapter, the historical review of the relationship between the United States and Cuba.This paper mainly discusses how the United States controlled Cuba politically, economically and militarily before the Cuban Revolution.The third chapter, the American policy towards Cuba during the Eisenhower Administration.The Eisenhower administration experienced a process of policy transformation from wait-and-see to hostility towards Cuba. With Cuba's land reform and the strengthening of relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba, the United States began to formulate and implement various measures aimed at realizing the policy goal of overthrowing the Castro regime.Chapter IV, the early Kennedy administration of CubaPolicyThe Kennedy administration continued its policy toward Cuba during the Eisenhower administration and strengthened its response toCuban political, economic, military and other aspects of control, initially formed a containment policy against Cuba.The fifth chapter, Cuban missile crisis and the formation of American containment policy against Cuba.Cuban missile crisisIt made clear the tough policy of the United States when its national security was threatened.Through the complete embargo and collective sanctions against Cuba, the policy of containment against Cuba was finally formed.The sixth chapter mainly summarizes the basic trend of US-Cuba relations after 1964 and its influence on American relations to Cuba.The factors of Pakistan policy formulation are analyzed and summarized.Key words: containing the embargo against the Cuban missile crisis
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】