伊藤博文政党观的演变及政党实践的变迁

发布时间：2018-04-13 12:28

本文选题：伊藤博文 + 政党观　；参考：《史林》2014年05期

【摘要】：伊藤博文作为藩阀政治家中开明势力的代表人物,经历与议会中民党的妥协和多次对抗,依据其与政党之间的势力对比和变化了的形势,作出顺应时势的判断,实现了其政党观的转变。可以说,政党观的变化促使伊藤作出相应的决策,同时又进一步促进了其政党实践;另一方面,政党实践的发展又加速了其政党观的转变。正是由于这两者之间的相互促进,使伊藤从宪法颁布之初的坚持"超然主义"、拒绝和怀疑政党,到甲午战后与民党合作、修正"超然主义"理念、接受和承认政党,进而发展到推荐成立宪政党内阁,再到最终彻底放弃"超然主义"理念,建立政友会,并组建政友会内阁,沟通了藩阀与政党,实现了自身由藩阀政治家向政党政治家的身份转换。伊藤政党观的演变及政党实践的变迁,推动了近代日本由藩阀政治向政党政治的转变,为近代日本政党政治的形成和发展奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Ito Po-wen, as a representative figure of enlightened forces among the vassal statesmen, has experienced compromise and repeated confrontations with the Democratic Party in Parliament, and according to the situation of power contrast and change between him and the political party, he has made a judgment to conform to the current situation.Realized its political party view transformation.It can be said that the change of the concept of political party urges Ito to make the corresponding decision and at the same time further promote the practice of political party; on the other hand, the development of the practice of political party accelerates the transformation of the concept of political party.It is precisely because of the mutual promotion between the two that Ito began to insist on "transcendence" at the beginning of the promulgation of the Constitution, rejected and doubted political parties, to cooperate with the people's Party after the Sino-Japanese war, to revise the concept of "transcendence", and to accept and recognize political parties.Then it developed to recommend the establishment of a constitutional inner-party cabinet, and finally to give up the idea of "transcendentalism" completely, to establish the political friends' association, and to set up a cabinet of the political friends' association, so as to communicate with the vassal warlords and the political parties.It realizes the transformation from the vassal politician to the political party politician.The evolution of Ito's concept of political party and the change of political party's practice promoted the transformation from vassal politics to political party politics in modern Japan and laid a foundation for the formation and development of political party politics in modern Japan.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院青年科研启动基金项目“伊藤博文的政党观与其政党实践研究”的最终成果
【分类号】：D093.13;K313

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