约翰逊政府时期美国对老挝政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:25

本文选题：约翰逊政府 + 美国　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战时期,美国和苏联在世界各地展开了激烈的争夺,东南亚也成为两国交锋的重要阵地之一。东南亚地处太平洋和印度洋之间,具有重要的地缘政治意义,是美国在亚洲阻止共产主义南下的重要战略地区。为确保美国在亚洲盟友的安全及其全球利益,美国不惜在此地区投入大量的人力、物力和财力,尤其是在印度支那,美国甚至卷入了长达20多年的战争。受“多米诺骨牌理论”的影响,美国认为印度支那一旦落入共产党治下,共产主义运动将不可避免地扩展到其他东南亚国家,因此在冷战中很长一段时间内,印度支那政策都是美国亚洲政策的核心。越南事务毫无疑问是美国印支政策的核心,作为越南的侧翼国家,老挝的地缘政治重要性日益凸显——如果美国能影响甚至控制老挝,将老挝变成其盟友泰国和共产主义中国、北越之间的缓冲国,将极大地促进遏制战略在亚洲的实施。因此,对老挝政策在美国对外政策中的地位逐步上升,老挝这个不起眼的弹丸小国也逐渐被卷入复杂多变的国际政治斗争中来。约翰逊政府时期美国对老挝政策在美国对老挝政策的整体进程中起到了承前启后的重要作用。在约翰逊政府时期,美国深刻地卷入到老挝事务中来,美国对老挝政策中表现出来的冷战色彩愈发明显,对老挝政策逐渐成为美国冷战政策的重要组成部分。本文旨在对约翰逊政府时期美国对老挝政策进行系统梳理和研究,以此为切入点更深入地理解美国的冷战政策。本文正文分为四章：第一章。主要讨论了美国对老挝政策的起源。在杜鲁门政府时期,出于冷战的需要,美国的印度支那政策初见端倪,老挝由于其地缘政治重要性也开始进入到美国的对外政策视野。在艾森豪威尔政府时期,美国开始卷入老挝事务,主要表现为干涉老挝国内政局的发展,试图将老挝变为反共的重要阵地。在肯尼迪政府时期,美国试图在老挝实现“中立化”,通过扶持富马政府将老挝变为东南亚地区的“缓冲国”。第二、三章。对约翰逊政府时期美国对老挝政策进行了综述。在政治上,美国对富马政府给予了坚定的支持,不断打压右派政治势力,巩固富马的政治地位,力求保持老挝政局的稳定,同时试图通过外交努力挽救日内瓦协定,将老挝变成一个“中立的”亲美“缓冲国”。在军事上,美国为打击巴特寮和在老挝的越盟军队,行动不断升级,前期主要以摄影侦察为主,后来逐渐发展为直接对敌军进行空袭和轰炸。约翰逊政府末期曾就美国对老政策进行过重新评估,但最终并未作出大的调整,美国在老挝事务中越陷越深。第四章。本章为全文的结论部分,从政策对象、决策层、影响决策的外部因素、军事预期及策略等方面对约翰逊政府时期美国对老挝政策失败的原因进行分析。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union fought fiercely all over the world, and Southeast Asia became one of the important positions of the two countries.Southeast Asia is located between the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, which has important geopolitical significance and is an important strategic region for the United States to prevent communism from going south in Asia.To ensure the security and global interests of its allies in Asia, the United States has invested a great deal of human, material and financial resources in the region, especially at Indochina, which has even been involved in a war of more than 20 years.Influenced by the "domino theory," the United States believes that once Indochina falls under Communist rule, the communist movement will inevitably spread to other Southeast Asian countries, and thus for a long time during the cold war.Indochina policy is the core of American Asian policy.Vietnam is undoubtedly at the heart of American Indochina policy, and as Vietnam's flanking country, Laos's geopolitical importance is growing-if the United States can influence or even control Laos, turning Laos into its allies, Thailand and communist China,The buffer countries between North Vietnam and Vietnam will greatly facilitate the implementation of containment strategy in Asia.Therefore, the position of Laos policy in the foreign policy of the United States has gradually increased, and Laos, a small country with a small projectile, has gradually been involved in the complicated and changeable international political struggle.The American policy towards Laos played an important role in the whole process of American policy toward Laos during the Johnson Administration.During the period of Johnson administration, the United States was deeply involved in Lao affairs, the cold war color of American policy towards Laos became more and more obvious, and the policy towards Laos gradually became an important part of American cold war policy.The purpose of this paper is to make a systematic analysis and study of the American policy towards Laos during the Johnson Administration, so as to better understand the Cold War policy of the United States.The text of this paper is divided into four chapters:Chapter I.This paper mainly discusses the origin of American policy toward Laos.During the Truman administration, the Indochina policy of the United States began to emerge due to the need of the Cold War, and Laos began to enter the perspective of American foreign policy because of its geopolitical importance.During the Eisenhower administration, the United States began to get involved in Lao affairs, mainly by interfering in the development of the internal political situation of Laos and trying to turn Laos into an important anti-communist position.During the Kennedy administration, the United States tried to "neutralize" Laos and turn Laos into a buffer state in Southeast Asia by supporting the Fuma government.The second and third chapters.This paper summarizes the policy of the United States toward Laos during the Johnson Administration.Politically, the United States has given firm support to the Fuma government, constantly suppressing the political forces of the right, consolidating Fuma's political status, striving to maintain political stability in Laos, and at the same time trying to save the Geneva Agreement through diplomatic efforts.Turning Laos into a "neutral, pro-American" buffer.Militarily, the United States continued to escalate its operations in order to strike Bart'liao and the Vietnamese Union troops in Laos. In the early stage, it mainly focused on photography and reconnaissance, and later gradually developed into direct air strikes and bombing against the enemy.At the end of the Johnson administration, the United States reassessed its old policy, but in the end it did not make a major adjustment, and the United States got deeper and deeper in Lao affairs.Chapter IVThis chapter is the conclusion part of the full text, from the policy object, the decision-making level, the influence decision-making external factor, the military expectation and the strategy and so on aspect carries on the analysis to the Johnson administration American policy to Laos the failure reason.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712;D871.2

【相似文献】