关于伦敦汉萨商栈兴衰的探究

发布时间：2018-04-16 03:09

本文选题：英国 + 中世纪晚期　；参考：《天津师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以13至16世纪伦敦汉萨商栈的兴衰为切入点,洞视英国经济发展趋势及汉萨同盟经济形势的变迁,以期探寻伦敦汉萨商栈兴衰的历史过程及原因。 12、13世纪,英国经济发展加快,农牧业商品化趋势明显,羊毛出口贸易尤其发达。工商业城市发展,交通得到改善,伦敦作为经济中心发展起来。伦敦具有优越的地理位置,对外贸易发达,对国内市场的辐射和带动作用明显,在英国具有举足轻重的经济地位。鉴于上述,此时的英国经济的发展需要汉萨商人与其他经济实体进行沟通,伦敦汉萨商栈的建立对英国来说具有必要性。伦敦汉萨商栈建立之前,北德意志商人已进入英国,科隆商人和吕贝克商人先后进入英国展开贸易,他们在伦敦汉萨商栈建立前进行的经济活动,为伦敦汉萨商栈的建立和发展做了铺垫。可以说,汉萨同盟先行者的耕耘使建立伦敦汉萨商栈具有了可能性。故此,1282年,伦敦汉萨商栈建立。由于吕贝克商人的经营,北海和波罗的海的贸易发展,逐步成为贸易的整体,英国被纳入汉萨同盟的商业版图。北海和波罗的海的贸易的发展需要英国互通有无,此种情势为伦敦汉萨商栈的发展带来契机,伦敦汉萨商栈在14、15世纪得到发展。同时,英国也在谋求海外贸易的扩张。英国试图打破汉萨同盟贸易垄断的做法必然激荡起斗争的阴霾。15、16世纪,英国商人与汉萨商人在北海和波罗的海地区贸易竞争渐趋激烈,竞争集中体现在三次冲突之中。冲突不可避免地对商栈产生影响。面对上述环境的不断变化,对于商栈商人在英国的活动,英王室根据英国内外形势的变化,采取了相应的措施,态度经历了从最初的欢迎商栈商人到抵制的三个阶段,埋下了伦敦汉萨商栈衰落的种子。伦敦汉萨商栈在英国经济发展中扮演了重要的角色,英国的海外贸易在借鉴汉萨经验的基础上进行扩张,伦敦汉萨商栈对16世纪及之后英国经济后续发展产生了一定的积极影响和促进作用。16世纪,英国的海外势力扩张,国内经济取得显著发展,重商主义及民族国家的思想渐趋形成,对外埠经济势力的排斥力趋强。而汉萨同盟由于内部和外部的原因渐趋式微,其势力在波罗的海和北海地区受到挑战,汉萨同盟对英国的影响力削弱。列于汉萨同盟势力范围内的伦敦汉萨商栈也就失去了存在的历史条件。最终,伦敦汉萨商栈于1598年关闭。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the rise and fall of London Hansez Inn from 13th to 16th century as the breakthrough point, and looks at the trend of British economic development and the change of economic situation of Hanseatic League in order to find out the historical process and reasons of the rise and fall of London Hansez Inn.In the 13 th century, British economy developed rapidly, agriculture and animal husbandry were commercialized obviously, wool export trade was especially developed.Industrial and commercial cities, improved transport, London as the economic center of development.London has a superior geographical position, developed foreign trade, radiation and driving effect on the domestic market, and plays an important economic role in Britain.In view of the above, the development of the British economy at this time needs to communicate with other economic entities, and the establishment of the London Hansei Inn is necessary for the United Kingdom.Before the establishment of the London Hanseatic Inn, North German businessmen had entered the United Kingdom, Cologne Merchants and Lubeck Merchants successively entered the United Kingdom to open trade, and they carried out economic activities before the establishment of the London Hanseatic Stack.It lays the groundwork for the establishment and development of the Hanseatic Inn in London.It can be said that the work of the Hanseatic League forerunner made it possible to establish the London Hanseatic Inn.So, in 1282, the Hanseatic Inn was established in London.As a result of the operation of Lubeck merchants and the development of trade between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, Britain was gradually integrated into the commercial territory of the Hanseatic League.The development of the trade between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea needs the British exchange of necessities, which brings an opportunity for the development of the London Hanseatic Inn, which was developed in the 1415th century.At the same time, Britain is also seeking to expand overseas trade.In the 16th century, when Britain tried to break the trade monopoly of Hanseatic League, the trade competition between British businessmen and Hanseatic merchants in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea became more and more intense, and the competition was concentrated in three conflicts.Conflicts inevitably affect the merchant stack.In the face of the changes in the above environment, the British royal family has adopted corresponding measures according to the changes in the situation at home and abroad, and has experienced three stages from the initial welcoming of merchants to the boycott.It sowed the seeds of the decline of the London Hanseatic.The London Hanseatic Inn has played an important role in the development of the British economy, and British overseas trade has expanded on the basis of the experience of Hansea.The Hanseatic Inn of London had a certain positive influence and promotion on the subsequent development of the British economy in the 16th century and later. In the 16th century, the British overseas power expanded, and the domestic economy developed significantly.Mercantilism and nation-state thought gradually formed and repulsive power to foreign economic forces.However, the Hanseatic League gradually declined for internal and external reasons, its power was challenged in the Baltic and North Sea regions, and its influence on Britain was weakened.The Hanseatic Inn listed in Hanseatic League's sphere of influence lost its historical condition.Eventually, the Hanseatic Inn in London closed in 1598.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K561

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