战后联邦德国客籍劳工研究（1955-1973年）

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:34

本文选题：战后 + 联邦德国　；参考：《福建师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 战后联邦德国为恢复经济的发展与繁荣,进行了大规模的重建。然而其国内劳动力并不能满足经济建设与社会发展的需求,于是不得不从国外招募大批的劳动力来弥补国内劳动力的不足。这些外籍劳工主要来自经济相对落后的南欧和地中海沿岸国家,他们不能在联邦德国永久居住,工作期满后须遣返回国,被德国人称作“客籍劳工”。客籍劳工主要分布在联邦德国的工业领域,且居住相对集中,形成了许多聚集地。他们来自不同的国家或地区,具有不同的文化背景,在联邦德国的社会地位也不尽相同。由于德国社会强烈的排外性,客籍劳工的融合程度不高,很难融入德国主流社会。客籍劳工是战后联邦德国经济建设的主力军,为其经济的繁荣做出了巨大的贡献,并成为联邦德国平衡经济的工具。同时,客籍劳工对劳工输出国也产生了重大影响,为他们带来了丰厚的外汇,但也造成了严重的人才流失。1973年,由于世界石油危机的影响,联邦德国就停止了募工计划,并遣返大量的客籍劳工。但是此时,许多客籍劳工已不愿意离开联邦德国,大部分滞留在了联邦德国,并通过家庭团聚政策把家人接过来,劳工问题逐渐向移民问题演变,对德国向移民国家转变起了很大的推动作用。
[Abstract]:After the war, the Federal Republic of Germany to restore economic development and prosperity, a large-scale reconstruction.However, its domestic labor force can not meet the needs of economic construction and social development, so it has to recruit a large number of labor force from abroad to make up for the shortage of domestic labor force.The foreign workers, mainly from economically backward southern European and Mediterranean coastal countries, could not live permanently in the Federal Republic of Germany and had to be repatriated after the end of their jobs, known as "guest workers" in Germany.The guest labor mainly distributes in the Federal Republic of Germany's industrial domain, and the residence is relatively concentrated, has formed many gathering places.They come from different countries and regions, have different cultural backgrounds, and have different social status in the Federal Republic of Germany.Due to the strong exclusion of German society, the integration of guest workers is not high, it is difficult to integrate into mainstream German society.Guest labor is the main force in the economic construction of postwar Federal Germany, which has made great contribution to its economic prosperity and has become the tool of balancing the economy of the Federal Republic of Germany.At the same time, guest workers have had a major impact on labour-exporting countries, bringing them rich foreign exchange but also serious brain drain. In 1973, due to the impact of the world oil crisis, the Federal Republic of Germany stopped recruiting jobs.And repatriating large numbers of migrant workers.At this time, however, many guest workers were no longer willing to leave the Federal Republic of Germany. Most of them were stranded in the Federal Republic of Germany, and their families were transferred through the family reunification policy. The labour problem gradually evolved to the issue of immigration.It was a big boost to Germany's transition to an immigrant country.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K518

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