杜鲁门政府的社会福利政策研究（1946-1953）

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:53

本文选题：美国 + 杜鲁门　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 杜鲁门政府的社会福利政策是杜鲁门“公平施政”的重要组成部分。一方面,杜鲁门政府的社会福利政策是针对二战后美国由战时经济向和平时期经济转型所造成的失业率上升、通货膨胀,以及大批军队复员所造成的社会经济问题而制定的。另一方面,杜鲁门政府的社会福利政策是罗斯福“新政”的继续,它受到当时流行的凯恩斯主义以及欧洲国家建立福利国家的影响,是针对罗斯福政府时期开创的社会保障制度存在的问题对美国社会福利进行的改革和完善。在其政策中,《1946年就业法》、《1949年住房法》和针对复员军人的一系列福利政策都获得立法成功,作为正式法律得以实施,对美国社会经济的发展起到了一定的作用和影响。而另一部分政策,如国民健康保险和联邦政府对教育的援助则因立法失败而未能实施。本文运用历史学和社会学相结合的方法,探讨杜鲁门政府的社会福利政策制定的背景,利用相关的文献资料和研究成果归纳其社会福利政策措施及其实施的结果和影响,并以《1946年就业法》和国民健康保险为例,从经济、政治及社会价值观等方面的可行性分别分析杜鲁门政府社会福利政策立法成功与失败的原因,从中总结出社会经济、思想文化与社会福利政策间的关系,以期对我国完善和发展社会保障制度提供一些有益的借鉴和启示。
[Abstract]:Truman government's social welfare policy is an important part of Truman's Fair Administration.On the one hand, Truman's social welfare policy was formulated in response to the rising unemployment rate, inflation caused by the transition from wartime economy to peacetime economy in the United States after World War II, and the socio-economic problems caused by the demobilization of a large number of troops.On the other hand, the Truman administration's social welfare policy was a continuation of Roosevelt's New deal, which was influenced by the prevailing Keynesianism and the establishment of welfare states in Europe.The reform and perfection of American social welfare is aimed at the problems existing in the social security system initiated during the Roosevelt Administration.Among its policies, the Employment Act 1946, the Housing Act 1949 and a series of welfare policies for demobilized soldiers have all been legislated successfully. As a formal law, they have played a certain role and influence on the social and economic development of the United States.Other policies, such as national health insurance and federal aid for education, have failed because of legislative failures.Using the method of combining history and sociology, this paper discusses the background of the social welfare policy of Truman government, and summarizes its social welfare policy measures and the results and effects of its implementation by using the relevant literature and research results.Taking the Employment Act 1946 and the National Health Insurance as an example, the author analyzes the reasons for the success and failure of Truman government's social welfare policy from the aspects of economic, political and social values, and summarizes the social economy.The relationship between ideology and culture and social welfare policy is expected to provide some useful reference and enlightenment for the improvement and development of social security system in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.54

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