穆巴拉克时期埃及贫困问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 02:25

本文选题：埃及 + 穆巴拉克　；参考：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：2011年,统治埃及长达30年的穆巴拉克政府在民众大规模的游行示威下黯然倒台,埃及社会随即陷入一片混乱之中。埃及作为中东地区的传统政治、军事、经济大国,在革命之前甚至被认为是中东地区稳定发展的代表。全世界在对埃及突然崩塌感到震惊之余,展开了对穆巴拉克政府倒台原因的热烈讨论。虽见仁见智,但大多数的学者达成了这样一个共识,那就是穆巴拉克时期的贫困问题长期得不到解决是导致穆巴拉克政府倒台的主要原因之一。埃及的贫困问题由来已久,一脉相承,穆巴拉克时期的贫困问题从纳赛尔与萨达特时期继承而来。此外,纳赛尔确立的威权政治体制与萨达特建立的经济模式都对穆巴拉克时期埃及的贫困问题产生了重大的影响。穆巴拉克从执政伊始继续采取了纳赛尔与萨达特时期保守的扶贫政策,经过了10年的稳定发展之后,伴随着1990年埃及经济的急剧恶化,埃及的贫困问题也日益恶化,埃及社会处在崩溃的边缘。在此背景下,穆巴拉克政府在国际货币基金组织与世界银行的压力下开始实行积极的、系统的、全面的扶贫政策,但是穆巴拉克并没有抛弃纳赛尔与萨达特时期制定的扶贫政策。因此,在穆巴拉克执政的后20年,新旧两种扶贫政策共同作用于埃及社会。在全面的扶贫政策推行之后,穆巴拉克实施了一系列的惠民工程。如建设更多的医院、学校、住房以及为贫困家庭提供职业技能培训、小额贷款等一系列针对性很强的扶贫措施,但是这些政策对贫困人口的脱贫,改善生活水平所起的作用是极其有限的。总体来看,埃及的贫困人口总量与贫困率依然居高不下;其次,贫困人口的医疗、教育、住房水平仍然不容乐观。虽然穆巴拉克政府推行了全面的扶贫政策,同时也投入了巨大的资金,但是穆巴拉克时期的贫困问题依旧没有解决,甚至是得到明显的改善。造成穆巴拉克政府扶贫失败的原因是多方面的,笔者认为穆巴拉克时期扶贫政策的缺陷只是其次要因素;威权体制下贫困人口公民权力的空心化是主要因素;而根本的制约因素无疑是穆巴拉克时期埃及脆弱的悬浮经济。
[Abstract]:In 2011, Egypt's 30-year government collapsed amid mass demonstrations and chaos. As a traditional political, military and economic power in the Middle East, Egypt was even considered a representative of the steady development of the Middle East before the revolution. Shocked by the sudden collapse of Egypt, the world has launched a heated debate about the reasons for the fall of Mubarak's government. For all their opinions, most scholars have come to the consensus that the prolonged absence of a solution to Mubarak's poverty was one of the main reasons that led to the fall of Mubarak's government. Egypt has a long history of poverty, the Mubarak-era poverty inherited from Nasser and Sadat. In addition, the authoritarian political system established by Nasser and the economic model established by Sadat had a great influence on Egypt's poverty during Mubarak's period. From the beginning of his administration, Mubarak continued to adopt the conservative pro-poor policies of Nasser and Sadat. After 10 years of steady development, with the rapid deterioration of Egypt's economy in 1990, the poverty problem in Egypt also worsened day by day. Egyptian society is on the verge of collapse. Against this background, the Mubarak government, under pressure from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, began to implement active, systematic and comprehensive pro-poor policies. But Mubarak did not abandon the pro-poor policies of Nasser and Sadat. Therefore, in the two decades after Mubarak came into power, the old and new poverty-alleviation policies worked together in Egyptian society. After the implementation of a comprehensive poverty-alleviation policy, Mubarak implemented a series of projects for the benefit of the people. Such as building more hospitals, schools, housing, providing vocational skills training for poor families, micro-credit and a series of highly targeted poverty alleviation measures, but these policies to the poor people out of poverty, The role of improving living standards is extremely limited. Overall, Egypt's poor population and poverty rate remain high; second, poor people's health care, education, housing level is still not optimistic. Although Mubarak's government has pursued a comprehensive pro-poor policy and invested huge sums of money, the poverty problem of Mubarak's period remains unresolved and even significantly improved. The reasons for the failure of Mubarak government in poverty alleviation are various. The author thinks that the deficiency of poverty alleviation policy in Mubarak period is only the second important factor, and the emptiness of citizen power of poor population under authoritarian system is the main factor. The fundamental constraint is undoubtedly Mubarak's fragile suspension economy.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K411.5;D741.1

【相似文献】