田中正造和足尾矿毒事件

发布时间：2018-04-22 23:13

本文选题：田中正造 + 足尾矿毒　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：日本明治维新确立了“殖产兴业”的方针,政府设立“模范工厂”以行示范,并鼓励民间力量积极参与其中,为此出台了扶持性政策。在此背景下足尾铜矿取得了飞跃的发展,成为日本第一铜山。但是在其生产过程中所排放的矿毒造成了巨大的污染。在经济与政治双重利益的驱使下政府一直包庇企业,直到1893年被害事实才广为人知。正造对此给予了高度关注,并与政府进行了长期的斗争,全力支持民众的正当权益。本文以田中正造为中心,以原始文献为依托,考察其抗争方式的转变与政府处置方针之间的内在联系。一方面,可以冲破日本学界普遍将正造视为“思想人”、“知识人”并以此作为研究起点或研究中心的桎梏,还原其社会活动家的历史形象;另一方面,可以认识到当时日本政府应对此事有恃无恐的根源在于:政府权力过大且议会无有力监督、约束之权,民众利益自然难以保全,因此必须认识到如何约束政府以及提高民众实际权力的重要性。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要探讨了这场斗争的背景。一是讲述了正造在矿毒发生之前的重要经历,阐明了他的人格特质和行事风格。二是在“殖产兴业”的大背景下,尤其是政府的庇护是促使足尾铜矿迅速发展的重要原因。其产生的矿毒危害巨大,引起了正造的密切关注。第二部分主要讨论了正造企图利用议会内外的联动,制造压力,迫使政府迅速解决此事,内含三个方面。其一在议会中利用议员身份向有关机构进行质询;其二在议会外组织农民进行请愿运动;其三正造出于对当局的不满,将此事与“亡国”紧密相连,希望政府重视。第三部分主要内容是正造辞任议员之后的抗争。首先他运用直诉的形式,企图绕过政府,直接请天皇处理此事。未果后,进驻谷中村进行调查以唤起舆论对政府施加压力。最后提出自己的治水理论试图将政府引起的危害降至最轻。第四部分主要包括对正造在矿毒斗争事件中的评价以及此次事件给予当代的启示。当今中国所面临的环境问题不容小觑,污染的不断加重和公民环保意识的增强逐渐形成了对立局面,若长此以往,会导致严重的后果。因此,政府必须加以重视。本文或许能够为政府如何应对该问题提供些许历史借鉴。
[Abstract]:In Japan, the Meiji Restoration established the policy of "colonization and industrialization", the government set up "model factory" to demonstrate and encouraged the folk forces to participate actively. In this context, the foot tail copper mine made a leap development and became the first Copper Mt. in Japan. Great pollution. The government has been harboring enterprises under the dual interests of economy and politics. It is not well known until 1893 that the fact that the government has been victimized by the government has been highly concerned, and has been struggling with the government for a long time to support the legitimate rights and interests of the people. This article is based on Tanaka's creation as the center and based on the original literature. On the one hand, it can break through the Japanese academic circles as the "thought man" and "knowledge man" as the shackle of the research starting point or the research center to restore the historical image of its social activist; on the other hand, it can be realized that the Japanese government at that time should have this The root of the matter is that the power of the government is too big and the parliament has no strong supervision, the power of restraint and the interests of the people are naturally difficult to preserve. Therefore, we must recognize the importance of how to restrain the government and improve the practical power of the people. This article is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the background of this struggle. The important experience before the occurrence of the ore poison expounded his personality traits and his style of acting. Two, under the background of "colonization and prosperity", especially the government's asylum was an important cause for the rapid development of the foot and tail copper mine. By making use of the linkage both inside and outside the parliament, making pressure to force the government to solve the matter quickly, it contains three aspects. One in parliament is to inquire about the relevant institutions in the use of parliamentarians; secondly, organize the petitions movement of farmers outside parliament; third, it is built out of the dissatisfaction with the authorities and closely connects the matter to the "national subjugation", and hopes the government to attach importance to it. The third part is the main content of the protest after the former MP. First, he tried to bypass the government by direct prosecution, and asked the emperor to deal with the matter directly. After that, he went into the village to carry out a survey to arouse the pressure of public opinion on the government. Finally, he put forward his own water treatment theory to reduce the damage caused by the government to the least. Fourth The main points include the evaluation of the event in the mine in the mine and the Enlightenment of this event. The environmental problems that China is facing today can not be underestimated. The aggravation of pollution and the enhancement of citizens' awareness of environmental protection have gradually formed the opposite situation, which will lead to serious consequences in the long run. Therefore, the government must pay attention to it. This article may provide some historical reference for the government to cope with the problem.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K313.4

【参考文献】