试论美国政治腐败及其治理（1870-1920）

发布时间：2018-04-25 15:57

本文选题：美国 + 政治腐败　；参考：《西南大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 19世纪后半期到20世纪初,美国处于社会转型时期。一方面,经济高速增长,国家迅速完成了工业化和城市化,社会财富急剧增长,资本主义进入了垄断阶段。另一方面,整个美国出现了工业文明综合症:经济生活混乱,假冒伪劣产品充斥市场,消费者利益得不到保障;大公司胡作非为,控制国会立法;城市老板操纵城市政治,政治受金钱支配,官商勾结,政治腐败层出不穷。社会出现了物质丰富与社会进步间的“二律背反”现象。本文从这一时期的政治腐败现象入手,深入分析这种现象产生的原因,重点探究美国政府为治理腐败而采取的措施。本文由绪论、正文和结论三个部分组成,其中正文部分包括以下三个部分: 第一部分,从立法、行政和司法三个角度来阐述美国的政治腐败现象。经过分析可以发现,美国当时的政治腐败是很严重的。第二部分,分析美国政治腐败产生的原因。经济上,随着经济的高速发展和城市化的进行,美国社会出现了非常严重的社会问题:资本高度集中,社会急剧分化,城市化后果严重,垄断势力操控政治,利益集团控制立法;政治上,从党魁制、分赃制两个方面来加以探讨;社会因素方面,舆论媚俗,民众对政治腐败反映冷漠,社会思潮混乱。第三部分,是本文的重点,面对严重的政治腐败形势,美国政府采取了一系列措施来治理腐败。在黑幕揭发运动和进步运动的推动下,美国政府针对政治体制中存在的弊端,进行了一系列改革;国会加强了立法和对社会事务的管理;1883年,国会通过了《彭德尔顿法》,进行了文官制度改革;选举制度上,创制、复决和罢免制度的运用,妇女获得了选举权,无记名投票、预选法、直接选举制的应用,使选举范围不断扩大。结论部分,首先论述治理腐败的结果,肯定了美国政府治理政治腐败取得的成果,又分别从三个方面探讨了反腐措施的不足。在此基础上得出结论:社会转型时期是腐败的高发期,这是社会历史发展的普遍现象。继而提出防治腐败的步骤:提高公民的参政意识和社会责任意识是防治腐败的基础;扩大舆论自由,增强舆论监督是防治腐败的手段;加强执政者的素质建设和建立权力的制约机制是防治腐败的关键;提高国家对经济和社会问题的干预,并建立相应的监督机制是防治腐败的重要措施。
[Abstract]:From the second half of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century, the United States was in a period of social transformation. On the one hand, with the rapid growth of economy, the country has completed industrialization and urbanization, the social wealth has increased rapidly, and capitalism has entered the stage of monopoly. On the other hand, industrial civilization syndrome has emerged throughout the United States: economic life is chaotic, fake and shoddy products are flooded with the market, consumer interests are not protected; large companies misbehave and control Congressional legislation; and city bosses manipulate urban politics. Politics is dominated by money, government-business collusion, and political corruption. The society appeared the phenomenon of "two laws against" between material enrichment and social progress. Starting with the political corruption in this period, this paper analyzes the causes of this phenomenon, and probes into the measures taken by the American government to deal with corruption. This paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the main body includes the following three parts: The first part, from the legislative, executive and judicial perspectives to explain the political corruption in the United States. After analysis, we can find that the political corruption in the United States was very serious at that time. The second part analyzes the causes of American political corruption. Economically, with the rapid development of economy and the development of urbanization, American society has appeared very serious social problems: high concentration of capital, sharp differentiation of society, serious consequences of urbanization, monopoly forces manipulating politics, Interest groups control the legislation; politically, from the party leader system, divided spoils system two aspects to be discussed; social factors, public opinion vulgar, the public reflection of political corruption apathy, social ideological chaos. The third part is the focal point of this paper, facing the serious political corruption situation, the American government has taken a series of measures to control the corruption. Driven by the revelation Movement and the Progressive Movement, the United States Government carried out a series of reforms aimed at the shortcomings of the political system; Congress strengthened legislation and the administration of social affairs; and in 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act and carried out civil service reform; in the electoral system, the use of the system of creation, referendum and recall, women gained the right to vote, secret ballot, pre-election, and the application of direct elections. To expand the scope of the election. The conclusion part first discusses the results of controlling corruption, affirms the achievements of American government in controlling political corruption, and probes into the shortcomings of anti-corruption measures from three aspects. On this basis, it is concluded that the period of social transformation is a period of high incidence of corruption, which is a common phenomenon of social and historical development. Then it puts forward the steps of preventing and controlling corruption: raising citizen's consciousness of participating in politics and social responsibility is the basis of preventing and controlling corruption, expanding freedom of public opinion and strengthening supervision of public opinion are the means to prevent and cure corruption. It is the key to prevent corruption to strengthen the diathesis construction and establish the restriction mechanism of power, and to improve the intervention of the state to the economic and social problems, and to establish the corresponding supervision mechanism are the important measures to prevent and control corruption.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.5

【引证文献】