姆维尼时期坦桑尼亚经济结构调整研究（1985-1995）

发布时间：2018-04-30 15:44

本文选题：坦桑尼亚 + 姆维尼总统　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1967年2月5日,随着《阿鲁沙宣言》在革命党全国执行委员会大会上获得通过,独立不久的坦桑尼亚开始了长达20多年的"乌贾马"社会主义探索和发展时期。不过,由于政策本身与坦桑尼亚发展实际相脱离,再加上天灾人祸和国际外部因素的影响,20世纪70年代后期和80年代初期,坦桑尼亚遭遇了严重的经济危机,迫切需要进行经济结构调整。1985年,尼雷尔的主动让贤和主张改革的姆维尼总统的上台给坦桑尼亚的经济结构调整带来了转机。经过与国际货币基金组织和世界银行的协商,姆维尼接受了《经济恢复计划》,获得了国际组织的援助和贷款,并着手推进以自由化和私有化为主要特征的市场经济调整。为了减少阻力,姆维尼巧妙地避免了关于意识形态和社会制度层面的争论,并且在恰当的时机同步推进以多党制为主要内容的政治民主化改革。一系列有利于市场经济发展的措施得以实施,外汇、进出口贸易、农业、国有企业、银行与金融业都朝着市场化和私有化的方向调整,民营、私营和外资经济得到快速发展。自由化和私有化的经济结构调整不仅使坦桑尼亚在短期内缓解了经济危机,维护了国家稳定,并在与民生相关的行业也取得了一定的发展。姆维尼执政时期(1985—1995)推行的经济结构调整虽然取得了一定的成绩,为坦桑尼亚后续发展奠定了基础,但同时也出现了严重依赖外援、贪腐问题突出、贫富差距加大、社会公平缺失等一系列问题,这些问题也不可避免地成为了今天坦桑尼亚经济可持续发展的桎梏。因此,当下坦桑尼亚以及广大撒哈拉以南非洲国家急需从历史中总结经验教训,探寻一条依托本国国情并且切实可行的可持续发展之路。
[Abstract]:On February 5, 1967, following the adoption of the Arusha Declaration at the Congress of the National Executive Committee of the Revolutionary Party, Tanzania, soon independent, began a period of more than 20 years of socialist exploration and development of "Ujama". However, as a result of the policy itself being divorced from the actual development of Tanzania, coupled with natural and man-made disasters and the impact of international external factors, Tanzania experienced a serious economic crisis in the late 1970s and early 1980s. There is an urgent need for economic restructuring. In 1985, Nyerere's initiative to allow the reformist President Mwinyi to take power brought about a turnaround in Tanzania's economic restructuring. In consultation with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, Mwinyi accepted the Economic recovery Plan, received aid and loans from international organizations, and embarked on a market economy adjustment characterized by liberalization and privatization. In order to reduce resistance, Mwinyi cleverly avoided arguments about ideology and social system, and at the right time pushed forward the reform of political democratization with multi-party system as the main content. A series of measures favorable to the development of market economy have been implemented. Foreign exchange, import and export trade, agriculture, state-owned enterprises, banks and finance have all been adjusted in the direction of marketization and privatization, and the private, private and foreign economies have developed rapidly. The economic restructuring of liberalization and privatization not only alleviated the economic crisis and maintained the country's stability in the short term, but also made certain progress in the industries related to people's livelihood. Although the economic restructuring carried out by Mwinyi during his term of office from 1985 to 1995) made certain achievements and laid the foundation for Tanzania's subsequent development, it also appeared to be heavily dependent on foreign aid. The problem of corruption was prominent, and the gap between the rich and the poor widened. Lack of social equity and other problems inevitably become the shackles of Tanzania's sustainable economic development today. Therefore, Tanzania and sub-Saharan African countries are in urgent need of summing up their experiences and lessons from history to find a way to sustainable development that depends on their own national conditions and is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K425.6

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