戈尔巴乔夫时期书刊检查制度评析

发布时间：2018-04-30 22:04

本文选题：苏联 + 戈尔巴乔夫　；参考：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2013年02期

【摘要】：戈尔巴乔夫时期,书刊检查依然存在,其主要内容体现在调节书刊检查机关职能,保守国家与军事秘密,维护国家经济利益,控制传媒出版机关的人事权等。书刊保密局仍然听命于戈尔巴乔夫的指令,任何有悖于"改革"思想的大众传媒都会受到惩罚。但戈尔巴乔夫时期苏联面临的国内形势与之前已经大不相同,社会各界对苏共僵化教条、停滞保守、无所作为等行为积怨颇深,越来越多的人开始反对书刊检查制度。戈尔巴乔夫顺应了这一潮流,以"公开性"为理由,对大众传媒进行了一系列解禁行动,苏联人民看到了取消书刊检查的曙光。但有一点十分清楚,戈尔巴乔夫政府对大众传媒的解禁,实际上是对其进行的新型控制,"激进"的媒体仍然与戈尔巴乔夫政府保持高度一致,不听命的媒体则被禁止。戈尔巴乔夫时期,苏联大众传媒乱象丛生,在苏联解体过程中扮演了推波助澜的角色。直到《俄罗斯联邦大众传媒法》的颁布,书刊检查在苏联才宣告彻底废除。
[Abstract]:During Gorbachev's period, the censorship of books and periodicals still existed, the main contents of which were to regulate the functions of the censors of books and periodicals, to keep the state and military secrets, to safeguard the national economic interests, and to control the personal power of the media and publishing organs, and so on. The Secrets still obey Gorbachev's orders, and any mass media that run counter to the idea of reform will be punished. But the domestic situation of Soviet Union in Gorbachev's time was very different from before. People from all walks of life were deeply resentful of the Soviet Communist Party's rigid dogmatism, stagnation and inaction, and more people began to oppose the censorship system of books and periodicals. Gorbachev followed this trend and, on the grounds of "openness", carried out a series of actions to lift the ban on mass media, and the Soviet people saw the dawn of abolishing the censorship of books and periodicals. But it became clear at 01:10 that Gorbachev's lifting of the ban on mass media was, in effect, a new form of control over it, that "radical" media remained highly consistent with Gorbachev's government and that disobedient media were banned. During Gorbachev's time, the mass media of the Soviet Union became chaotic and played a role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It was not until the promulgation of the mass media law of the Russian Federation that censorship was abolished in the Soviet Union.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学《俄罗斯学刊》;
【基金】：2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“从彼得到普京:俄罗斯书刊检查的实践与评价”(项目编号:12YJA860007) 黑龙江大学2010年度高层次人才(创新团队)支持计划“俄罗斯经济与社会问题研究”(项目编号:Hdtd2010-33)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K512.5

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