论田中义一的对华政策

发布时间：2018-05-03 00:40

本文选题：田中外交 + 东方会议　；参考：《黑龙江省社会科学院》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 田中义一是日本昭和时期军阀当政的第一人。在制定侵华政策,推行侵华谋略方面,以他为首的内阁起到了承前启后的重大作用。他主持的“东方会议”被视为日本侵华政策的一大转折——从协调走向积极对华政策的转折,属于日本大陆政策的重要部分。本文主要围绕田中义一的对华政策,阐述日本对中国东北的侵略政策由协调走向强硬,以及其武力外交的实施,展现20世纪20年代末,日本帝国主义对东北的侵略和对东北亚国际关系的影响。全文共分三个部分。第一部分从币原外交和田中外交的历史渊源入手,阐述了由协调走向积极的日本对华政策。华盛顿会议后,日本在外交上陷于孤立,在经济上摆脱不了对美国的依赖,此时的币原外交表面上是“协调外交”,却内藏对华侵略之实。币原在南京事件及汉口事件上的应对引起日本国内的反对浪潮,1927年日本又爆发了大规模的经济危机,直接导致了“币原外交”的中断,开始了“田中外交”。田中上任后,积极着手四件事:帮助资产阶级度过金融危机;在政治上拉拢蒋介石;出兵山东;召开东方会议,推行“对华积极政策”。第二部分论述了田中积极的对华政策,其政策是通过召开东方会议来集中体现的。该会议在详细分析了中国政治、经济及军事形势的基础上,重点讨论确定了新的对华政策,制定了《对华政策纲领》(共八条)。文中对该纲领进行了具体阐释,并通过该纲领与《田中奏折》的对照分析,探讨了《田中奏折》存来的合理性。同时,采取何种措施成为新的对华政策成败的关键,文中以日本出兵山东的三个目的为主线,阐述介绍了东方会议决策的具体实施及结果。第三部分对田中外交政策作出评价并阐述其影响。主要通过对田中外交与币原外交的背景、形式、特点的比较分析来深入认识田中的积极对华政策。在田中内阁时期,美、日、中三国之间存在着两个主要矛盾:第一,中国国民政府的北伐统一政策与日本满蒙独立政策的矛盾;第二,美国“门户开放”政策与日本“大陆政策”的矛盾。然而,这两个矛盾是密不可分、利益息息相关的,他们争夺中国的媒介便是蒋介石集团。通过美、日对蒋介石势力的争夺及蒋介石的态度由亲日至疏日到亲英美的转变来分析田中外交对东北亚国际关系的影响。由于田中内阁时期,日本关东军制造了震惊中外的皇姑屯事件,田中对此事件的解释前后不一,引起天皇极度不满,直接导致田中义一引咎辞职, 田中外交因此而落幕。田中外交虽未得逞,但它为日本军国主义武力攫取东北开辟了道路。田中积极的侵华政策,也成为日本随后发动“九一八”事变与全面侵华的指导信念,同时也为日本准备同美、英等大国进行大规模战争即日后的太平洋战争埋下了伏笔。
[Abstract]:Tanaka Ishiichi was the first Japanese warlord in the period of Showa. The cabinet headed by him played an important role in formulating the policy of invading China and carrying out the strategy of invading China. The Oriental Conference, which he chaired, is regarded as a turning point in Japan's policy of invading China-from coordination to active China policy, which is an important part of Japan's mainland policy. Focusing on Tanaka's China policy, this paper expounds Japan's policy of aggression against Northeast China from coordination to toughness, and the implementation of its diplomacy of force, showing the end of the 1920s. Japanese imperialism's invasion of Northeast China and its influence on Northeast Asia's International Relations. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part starts with the historical origin of Coin Yuan diplomacy and Tanaka diplomacy, and expounds Japan's China policy from coordination to active. After the Washington Conference, Japan was isolated in diplomacy and could not get rid of its dependence on the United States economically. At this time, the currency diplomacy was on the surface "coordinated diplomacy", but it contained the reality of aggression against China. The response of Coin to the Nanjing incident and the Hankou incident caused a wave of opposition in Japan. In 1927, Japan again broke out a large-scale economic crisis, which directly led to the interruption of "Coin's diplomacy" and began the "Tanaka diplomacy". After Tanaka took office, he actively set about four things: helping the bourgeoisie through the financial crisis; drawing in Jiang Jieshi politically; sending troops to Shandong; convening an Oriental conference to carry out a "positive policy toward China." The second part discusses Tanaka's active policy towards China, which is embodied by convening the Oriental Conference. On the basis of detailed analysis of China's political, economic, and military situation, the meeting focused on defining a new China policy and formulating the "China Policy Program" (a total of eight articles). In this paper, the concrete explanation of this program is given, and the rationality of its existence is discussed through the comparison and analysis between this program and Tian Zhong's Biography. At the same time, what measures to be taken is the key to the success or failure of the new China policy. This paper, taking the three purposes of Japan's sending troops to Shandong Province as the main line, expounds the concrete implementation and the results of the decision of the Eastern Conference. The third part evaluates Tanaka's foreign policy and expounds its influence. Through the comparative analysis of the background, form and characteristics of Tanaka diplomacy and Coin's diplomacy, we can deeply understand Tanaka's active China policy. During the Tanaka Cabinet period, there were two major contradictions between the United States, Japan, and China: first, the contradiction between the Chinese National Government's policy of unification of the Northern Expedition and the policy of Japan's independence of Manchuria and Mongolia; and second, The contradiction between American "Open door" Policy and Japan's "mainland Policy". However, these two contradictions are inseparable, the interests are closely linked, they compete for China's media is Jiang Jieshi Group. This paper analyzes the influence of Tanaka diplomacy on the international relations in Northeast Asia through the changes of American, Japanese and Japanese contending for Jiang Jieshi's influence and the change of Jiang Jieshi's attitude from pro-Japan to anti-Japanese to pro-Anglo-American. As a result of the Tanaka Cabinet period, the Japanese Guandong Army created the Huanggutun incident, which shocked China and foreign countries. The inconsistency in the explanation of this incident caused the emperor to be extremely dissatisfied, which directly led to the resignation of Yi Tanaka. Tanaka diplomacy ended as a result. Tanaka diplomacy failed, but it opened the way for Japanese militarism to seize the northeast by force. Tanaka's active policy of invading China also became Japan's guiding belief in launching the "September 18" incident and invading China in an all-round way, and at the same time laid the groundwork for Japan's preparations for a large-scale war with the United States and Great Britain, that is, the Pacific War in the future.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K313.45

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