美国越战退伍军人心态变化之研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 03:18

本文选题：越战 + 越战退伍军人　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：尽管越南战争已经成为历史，但它在美国历史中的地位是非常重要的。这场战争没有胜利，作为这场战争的直接参与者——越战退伍军人，他们在战前，受爱国主义的影响参战，在越南，随着时间的推移，官兵们发现自己原本在国内所接受的思想价值观与当地的实际情况不符，思想认识上产生了迷茫。同时，美国军方为了保证驻越美军拥有充足的兵源和强大的战斗力，实行“轮作制”，即一名士兵在越南呆满一年就可以退役或调往非战斗地区服役，然而这样不利于军队凝聚力加强和士兵之间建立友谊，这样参加越战的美国军人失去了一个重要的情感调节方式，苦闷之余，他们只能够寻求自我调适——对战斗任务消极回避、喝酒、吸毒等。当越战美军军人退伍后回到国内发现，国内同他们去越南时相比发生了翻天覆地的变化：随着美国深陷越战泥潭，国内反战运动日益高涨，，民众对越战不满的呼声也越来越高。同时，20世纪60年代是美国“战后一代”年轻人的叛逆时期，很多传统的社会价值观被颠覆，参军打仗不再被青年人看作光荣和爱国。当年意气风发的青年满怀着爱国理想去越南作战，把时间和青春放在了异国他乡，他们退伍回国后还没有来得及庆幸自己活着，就发现原来的朋友、同学已经找到了舒适的工作和幸福的家庭，而这些人当中还有一部分曾因为逃避去越南而被身为军人的他们看不起。如此巨大的反差令退伍军人们一时间无法接受，再加上以前战场上的经历和错误的自我调适方法，导致他们的心理疾病加重，进而影响到他们重返社会后的心态。通过对越战退伍军人前后心态变化的研究，不仅可以了解这个特殊的群体，还可以从他们的心态变化上判断美国公众对越战态度变化的原因。
[Abstract]:Although the Vietnam War has become a history, its place in American history is very important. There was no victory in this war, and as a direct participant in the war, the Vietnam war veterans, they fought before the war, under the influence of patriotism, and in Vietnam, over time, The officers and men found that the values they had originally accepted at home did not correspond to the actual situation in the country, resulting in confusion in their understanding. At the same time, in order to ensure that the US military in Vietnam has an adequate supply of troops and strong combat effectiveness, the US military has implemented a "rotation system", that is, a soldier who has spent one year in Vietnam can retire from service or be transferred to a non-combat area. However, this is not conducive to strengthening the cohesion of the army and building friendship between the soldiers. Thus, the American soldiers who participated in the Vietnam War lost an important way of adjusting their feelings. They can only seek self-adaptation-negative avoidance of combat tasks, drinking, drug use, etc. When the US soldiers returned home from the Vietnam War, they found that there had been a tremendous change compared to the time they went to Vietnam: as the United States sank into the mire of the Vietnam War, the domestic anti-war movement was rising, and the public's dissatisfaction with the Vietnam War was growing. At the same time, the 1960s was a rebellious period for the "postwar generation" of young people in the United States. Many traditional social values were subverted, and joining the army and fighting was no longer regarded as glorious and patriotic by young people. At that time, the exuberant young people, full of patriotic ideals, went to Vietnam to fight. They put their time and youth in a foreign country. They had not had time to be glad that they were alive after they had returned to the country. They found their original friends. Students have found comfortable jobs and happy families, some of whom have been looked down upon as soldiers for running away from Vietnam. Such a huge contrast makes it unacceptable for veterans for a while, coupled with previous battlefield experiences and false self-adjustment methods, which exacerbate their mental illness and affect their mentality when they reintegrate into society. Through the study of the psychological changes before and after Vietnam War Veterans, we can not only understand this special group, but also judge the reasons for the change of American public attitude towards Vietnam War from their psychological changes.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：E712;K712.54

【参考文献】