美国对法属北非的政策（1940-1942）

发布时间：2018-05-08 06:24

本文选题：第二次世界大战 + 美国　；参考：《首都师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文从美国的全球战略角度论述1940—1942年美国对法属北非的政策。 1940年6月,法国战败后出现了两个法国政府—以贝当为首的维希政府和戴高乐的“自由法国”。最终,美国选择与维希政府保持外交关系,并对法国本土及其殖民地实施有限的经济援助。于是,美法签署了经济援助法属北非的墨菲—魏刚协定。美国从全球战略出发,通过运用经济援助和外交双重手段促使法属北非保持中立,进而重新使法属北非参加对轴心国作战。在美英联军登陆法属北非之前,美国的经济援助法属北非计划一直断断续续地进行。1942年11月,盟军成功登陆法属北非后,维希政府遂与美国断交,经济援助北非计划告一段落。面临新的情况,美国对法属北非的政策需要作出新的调整。 1940—1942年美国对法属北非的政策历经三个阶段。从1940年6月法国战败到1940年9月魏刚出任法属北非总代表,在此期间,美国由忽视法属北非到逐步认识到法属北非的重要性。从1940年9月魏刚出任法属北非总代表到1941年11月,美国决定经济援助法属北非,目的是希望以此促使法属北非保持中立,不倒向轴心国。于是,美法签订并实施墨菲—魏刚协定。从1941年12月美国参战到1942年11月盟军在法属北非登陆,这一阶段,美国对法属北非的政策进行了一些调整,使法属北非站在盟国一边作战。 1942年11月8日,美英联军在法属北非登陆。当天,维希政府宣布与美国断交。美国的法属北非政策进入了一个新的阶段。美国的法属北非政策取得了一定的成效。这一政策为火炬计划的成功实施准备了条件。二战后期,欧洲第二战场的开辟在一定程度上也取决于盟国事先在法属北非所进行的经济和政治方面的准备。通过研究1940—1942年美国对法属北非的政策,我们从中可以窥探出美国在二战期间就一直处心积虑,积极谋求政治、经济与军事扩张的政策实质。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the American policy towards French North Africa from 1940 to 1942 from the perspective of American global strategy. After France's defeat in June 1940, two French governments emerged-Vichy, led by Betten, and Charles de Gaulle, "Free France." In the end, the United States chose to maintain diplomatic relations with the Vichy government and to provide limited economic assistance to France and its colonies. As a result, the United States and France signed the Murphy-Weigang Agreement on Economic Assistance to French North Africa. Proceeding from the global strategy, the United States made France North Africa remain neutral by means of economic aid and diplomacy, and then rejoined France North Africa to fight against the Axis Powers. Until the US-British coalition landed in French North Africa, the U.S. economic aid program for French North Africa continued intermittently. In November 1942, after a successful Allied landing in French North Africa, the Vichy government broke ties with the United States and ended its economic aid program for North Africa. In the face of new circumstances, American policy towards French North Africa needs a new adjustment. American policy towards French North Africa went through three stages from 1940 to 1942. From France's defeat in June 1940 to Wei's appointment as general representative of French North Africa in September 1940, the United States gradually realized the importance of French North Africa from neglecting French North Africa. From September 1940 when Wei was appointed general representative of French North Africa to November 1941, the United States decided to give economic aid to French North Africa in the hope that it would keep France neutral and not turn to the axis. As a result, the United States and France signed and implemented the Murphy-Weigang Agreement. From December 1941 to November 1942, the Allied forces landed in French North Africa. In this stage, the United States made some adjustments to the policy of French North Africa, making France North Africa fight on the side of the allies. November 8, 1942, the United States and British forces landed in French North Africa. On the same day, the Vichy government announced a break with the United States. The French North Africa policy of the United States has entered a new stage. The American policy of French North Africa has made some achievements. This policy sets the stage for the successful implementation of the Torch Plan. In the late World War II, the opening of the second battlefield in Europe also depended in part on the economic and political preparations made by the allies in French North Africa. By studying the American policy towards French North Africa from 1940-1942, we can see that the United States has been actively pursuing the policy essence of political, economic and military expansion during World War II.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D871.2;K712.53

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