论冷战期间日本对华政策中的“政经分离”原则（1952-1964）

发布时间：2018-05-10 18:55

本文选题：冷战 + 日本　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：从旧金山和约签订到1972年中日邦交正常化之前,日本政府对华一直奉行“政经分离”原则。所谓政经分离,就是一方面追随美国承认台湾国民政府为中国的法定政府;另一面与大陆进行民间经贸往来。政经分离这一概念有广义与狭义之分,广义的政经分离原则是指两国虽然在法律上相互没有建立外交关系,但却维持一定经济文化上的联系。二者虽互不承认,但是可以在经济和文化领域进行政府间的交流,或者签订政府间协定,甚至进行大使级别的会谈;狭义方面是指,不仅政治与经济要分开处理,而且在进行经济和文化交涉活动时也要由民间组织来处理,不能与政府或者与政府有关的组织发生关系。在冷战期间,日本反复使用对华“政经分离”原则。这主要是由日本领导人的政治理念及对政经分离的认识决定的,时而是广义上的,时而是狭义上的。而中国政府所要求的是广义上的政经分离。这样使得中日民间贸易协定一波三折。本文共分四部分,除涉及日本对华关系外,还涉及了美日关系、日台关系及日本政府内部变化。而且从某种意义上说,本文还从美国对中国的冷战政策的国际大环境来看日本对华的政经分离。第一部分主要分析了“政经分离”产生的国际背景,冷战波及到东亚后使得日本与中国分属不同的阵营。吉田茂为了实现日本的独立,不得不搁置与中国建立政治关系的愿望而服从美国承认台湾。但吉田并没有放弃与中国大陆进行经贸往来的夙愿。第二部分主要阐述了“政经分离”的初步实践及挫折。首先,讨论了反吉田派对吉田这一外交理念的继承,并将其初步实施以实现中日两国的经贸往来,其中以岸信介内阁为主;其次,探讨政经分离形式受挫的原因,主要是在于彼此的外交定位不同,进而导致两国对“政经分离”认识的争议,最终使得仅有的一点经济联系被迫中断。第三部分论述的是池田首相吸取岸信介内阁的教训,把日本对内对外战略引向经济发展领域。他还及时调整日本对华关系,重开中日间的民间经贸往来,把政经分离发展为具有准政府性质,即广义上政经分离。但是此举遭到台湾与美国的反对,尤其是台湾不遗余力地从列岛境内外向日本政府施压,使得政经分离处于风雨飘摇状态。第四部分主要对“政经分离”深层次方面的认识,包括两方面:一是日本对华实行政经分离是与美国对日政策分不开的。不仅如此,美国还千方百计向日本施压,破坏中日间的经贸往来;另一方面是日本以政经分离为手段,分裂台湾。其方法就是政治上承认台湾,经济上与大陆往来。这样可以利用这个原则既要挟台湾又要挟大陆,以达到将台湾分裂出中国的目的。
[Abstract]:From the signing of the Treaty of Peace in San Francisco to the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations in 1972, the Japanese government has been pursuing the principle of separation of politics and economy from China. The so-called separation of politics and economy means, on the one hand, to follow the United States in recognizing the Taiwan National Government as China's legal government, and on the other hand, to engage in private economic and trade exchanges with the mainland. The concept of separation of politics and economy can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The broad principle of separation of politics and economy refers to the fact that the two countries do not establish diplomatic relations with each other in law, but maintain certain economic and cultural ties. Although the two do not recognize each other, they can engage in intergovernmental exchanges in the economic and cultural fields, or enter into intergovernmental agreements or even hold talks at the ambassadorial level; in a narrow sense, not only politics and economy should be dealt with separately, Moreover, the economic and cultural negotiation activities should also be handled by non-governmental organizations, not with the government or government related organizations. During the Cold War, Japan repeatedly used the principle of separation of politics and economy from China. This is mainly determined by the political ideas of Japanese leaders and their understanding of the separation of politics and economy, sometimes in a broad sense and sometimes in a narrow sense. What the Chinese government demands is a broad separation of politics and economy. This makes the Sino-Japanese folk trade agreement a series of twists and turns. This paper is divided into four parts, including the relationship between Japan and China, the relationship between Japan and Japan, the relationship between Japan and Taiwan, and the internal changes of the Japanese government. In a sense, this paper also looks at Japan's political and economic separation from China in the light of the international environment of the Cold War policy of the United States towards China. The first part mainly analyzes the international background of "separation of politics and economy", which makes Japan and China belong to different camps after the Cold War spread to East Asia. In order to achieve Japan's independence, Yoshida had to shelve his desire to establish political relations with China and accept Taiwan from the United States. But Yoshida has not given up his long-cherished desire to engage in economic and trade exchanges with mainland China. The second part mainly elaborated the preliminary practice and the setback of the separation of politics and economy. First of all, it discusses the inheritance of the diplomatic idea of the anti-Yoshida party Yoshida, and puts it into practice in order to realize the economic and trade exchanges between China and Japan, in which the Kishi Nobusuke cabinet is the main body. Secondly, the reasons for the frustration of the form of political and economic separation are discussed. This is mainly due to the differences in diplomatic orientation between the two countries, which led to a dispute over the understanding of "political and economic separation", which eventually led to the interruption of only a bit of economic ties. In the third part, Prime Minister Ikeda draws lessons from Kishi Nobusuke cabinet and leads Japan's internal and external strategy to the field of economic development. He also readjusted Japan's relations with China in time, reopened Sino-Japanese folk economic and trade exchanges, and developed the separation of politics and economy into a quasi-government one, that is, the separation of politics and economy in a broad sense. But the move has met opposition from Taiwan and the United States, especially since Taiwan has spared no effort to pressure the Japanese government from within and outside the archipelago, leaving political and economic separation in a volatile state. The fourth part is mainly about the deep understanding of the separation of politics and economy, including two aspects: one is that the separation of politics and economy from China is inseparable from the policy of the United States towards Japan. Not only that, the United States also tried to exert pressure on Japan to undermine economic and trade exchanges between China and Japan.On the other hand, Japan used political and economic separation as a means to split Taiwan. The way is to recognize Taiwan politically, and to do business with the mainland economically. This principle can be used to blackmail both Taiwan and the mainland in order to separate Taiwan from China.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313.5

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