西欧中世纪克吕尼运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:12

本文选题：西欧 + 中世纪　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 兴建于10世纪初的克吕尼修道院,在建立伊始就立志于清除修道院世俗化的积弊,严格遵守本尼迪克会规,重新恢复修道院的宗教职能,在教俗贵族的大力支持下,随后发展成为声势浩大的“克吕尼运动”,也称“克吕尼改革”,历时近三个世纪。改革的历程大致可分为三个阶段:第一阶段主要是对修道院内部纪律进行整肃,强调本尼迪克会规,同时谋求摆脱封建世俗势力的干涉,取得修道院自治的地位;第二阶段克吕尼修道院与教会携手发起了“上帝的和平”运动,最大程度地遏止了封建混战,维护了和平;在第三阶段大批克吕尼改革派入主教廷,大力推行克吕尼改革,掀起了反对“西门主义”和“尼古拉主义”的斗争,并进一步把改革的目标扩大为实践“教权至上”的理论,由此展开了与世俗贵族间长达半个世纪的对主教叙任权的争夺,为教权最终达到顶峰奠定了基础。克吕尼运动在中世纪教会史上扮演着重要的角色。克吕尼运动极大地提高了罗马教会在基督教世界的地位,教皇权力凌驾于西欧各国君主之上,刺激了教皇长期以来企图统一东西方教会的欲望。克吕尼派的教皇也一直致力于实现这一目标。“上帝的和平”运动中,好战的骑士成为“基督的战士”,为十字军东侵提供了充足的兵力。可以说,克吕尼运动与中世纪盛期罗马教会的复兴与扩张有着密切的联系。
[Abstract]:Founded at the beginning of the 10th century, the Cluny Monastery was set up with the aim of eliminating the secular shortcomings of the monastery, strictly observing the Benedict rules, restoring the religious functions of the monastery, and with the vigorous support of the religious nobles. Then it developed into a powerful "Cluny Movement", also known as the "Clouney Reform", which lasted nearly three centuries. The course of reform can be divided into three stages: the first stage is to purge the internal discipline of the monastery, emphasizing Benedict rules, and at the same time seeking to get rid of the interference of feudal secular forces, and to obtain the status of monastery autonomy; In the second stage, the Cluni monastery joined hands with the church in launching the "peace of God" movement, which to the greatest extent stopped the feudal melee and maintained peace. In the third stage, a large number of Clouney reformists took over the Holy see and vigorously carried out the Cluni reform. The struggle against "Western Menism" and "Nikolay Doctrine" was raised, and the goal of reform was further expanded to practice the theory of "the supremacy of religious power", which led to a half-century struggle with secular nobles for the power of bishops to hold office. It laid the foundation for the final summit of religious right. The Clouney movement played an important role in the history of the medieval church. The Clunian movement greatly enhanced the Roman church's status in the Christian world, and the Pope's power over the Western European monarchs stimulated the Pope's longstanding desire to unite the Eastern and Western churches. The Clunian pope has also been working to achieve this goal. In the "Peace of God" movement, warlike knights became "fighters of Christ", providing sufficient strength for the crusades to invade the east. It can be said that the Clunian Movement was closely related to the revival and expansion of the Roman Church in the Middle Ages.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K503

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