德国大学与纳粹政权（1933-1945）

发布时间：2018-05-12 04:58

本文选题：德国大学 + 纳粹党　；参考：《华东师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 德国大学与纳粹政权的关系在目前的学术界并未得到应有的关注,本文利用已掌握的资料试图对两者之间的关系做一系统阐释。本文围绕两者之间的关系,通过绪论、正文和结语三个部分构成一个有机整体。在绪论中,笔者简单论述了研究德国大学与纳粹政权关系的重要意义,提出了问题,并介绍了国内外相关的研究状况,为全文的写作奠定了基础。正文分为三章。第一章主要讲了纳粹运动初创和发展时期同德国大学的关系。笔者认为,1929年的经济危机是大学与纳粹党关系的转折点,由于两者在对魏玛共和国的态度、对领袖人物的崇拜和反犹等方面存在着契合点,再加上20年代德国理性主义的降温和虚无主义思潮的大肆泛滥,使得两者之间的联系进一步加深。最终,它与其它社会阶层一道把希特勒推上了德国总理的宝座。第二章主要叙述纳粹党统治时期同大学的关系。纳粹党上台后,根据领袖原则对大学进行了一系列的改造,并且建立纳粹大学教师联盟和纳粹大学生联盟对大学加以控制。出于反犹主义的考虑,纳粹党对德国大学里的犹太教师和学生进行了大规模的清洗。作为大学主体的教师和学生对大学发生的种种变化,表现不一,有的采取了顺从的态度,更多的是保持了沉默。尽管在二战期间出现了类似“白玫瑰运动”这样的抵抗组织,但是并未对纳粹党的统治带来太大的威胁,反而被纳粹党所利用,从而用更为严厉的手段来控制国民。第三章分析了德国大学传统在纳粹统治时期的断裂。在纳粹党的控制下,大学的理念、课程设置和功能都发生了变化,种族主义教育和体育锻炼变得更为重要。德国大学的传统在纳粹统治时期出现了断裂。为了适应战争形势的发展,大学也发生了一些变化,大学也成为纳粹党控制知识分子的一个工具。结语指出,在德国大学的历史上,纳粹统治期间是大学的一个脱节、一个断裂,造成这一现象的原因是从柏林大学建立以后大学里普遍存在的古典大学观念的影响、理性原则的丧失以及一直困扰它发展的精神和物质(Geist und Macht)的关系这一中心问题的悬而未决,再加上大学里存在的强烈的民族主义情绪和纳粹党巧妙的宣传攻势,这一切使得纳粹统治时期大学的断裂不仅仅是一种偶然。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the German universities and the Nazi regime has not received due attention in the academic circles at present. This paper tries to make a systematic explanation of the relationship between the two by using the available data. This paper focuses on the relationship between the two, through the introduction, the text and the conclusion of the three parts constitute an organic whole. In the introduction, the author briefly discusses the significance of studying the relationship between German universities and the Nazi regime, raises questions, and introduces the relevant research situation at home and abroad, which lays a foundation for the writing of the full text. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly talks about the relationship between the Nazi movement and the German universities during the period of the beginning and development of the Nazi movement. The author believes that the economic crisis of 1929 was a turning point in the relationship between universities and the Nazi Party. Because of their attitude towards the Weimar Republic, the worship of leaders and anti-Semitism, etc. In addition, the cooling of German rationalism in the 1920s and the rampant trend of nihilism made the connection between them deepen. In the end, it joined the rest of society in pushing Hitler to the throne of German chancellor. The second chapter mainly narrates the relationship between the Nazi Party and the university. After the Nazi Party came to power, it carried out a series of reforms according to the principle of leadership, and established the Union of Nazi University Teachers and the Union of Nazi College students to control the university. For anti-Semitism, the Nazi Party carried out a mass purge of Jewish teachers and students in German universities. Teachers and students as the main part of the university behave differently to the changes that have taken place in the university, some of them adopt a submissive attitude, and more often they remain silent. Although resistance such as the White Rose Movement emerged during World War II, it did not pose too much of a threat to Nazi rule, but was used by the Nazis to control their citizens more harshly. The third chapter analyzes the break of German university tradition during the Nazi rule. Under the control of the Nazis, the ideas, curricula and functions of universities have changed, and racist education and physical exercise have become more important. The tradition of German universities broke down during Nazi rule. In order to adapt to the development of the war, some changes have taken place in universities, and universities have become a tool for the Nazis to control intellectuals. The conclusion points out that in the history of German universities, the period of Nazi rule was a disconnect and a rupture of universities, and the reason for this phenomenon was the influence of the ideas of classical universities that existed widely in the universities since the establishment of Berlin University. The loss of the principle of reason and the unresolved central issue of the relationship between the spiritual and material und that has plagued its development, coupled with the strong nationalist sentiment that exists in universities and the ingenious propaganda campaign of the Nazi Party, All this made the rupture of the Nazi-era university more than just an accident.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K516.44

【引证文献】