苏联对波兰政策初探（1945-1953）

发布时间：2018-05-13 22:09

本文选题：冷战 + 苏联　；参考：《东北师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1945年到1953年间苏联对波兰政策,是战后苏联外交政策的重要组成部分。无论从地缘政治还是战略地位角度来说,波兰都是对苏联具有重要影响的国家。考察这一时期苏联对波兰的政策,从中可以了解苏联对波兰内政外交的影响,以及对波兰社会主义建设的影响。本论文分为三部分进行论述: 第一部分,主要论述了大战期间苏波边界线问题的由来,以及战后三次国际会议上关于该问题大国间的纷争及解决过程。苏波边界线的确定,为苏联实现建立东欧安全带提供物质保障。第二部分,论述了1945年到1948年,苏联从推行大国合作政策向集团对抗政策转变的过渡时期。这一时期为巩固同波兰的同盟关系,苏联加强了对波兰的政党建设的干预,解决波兰各党派的斗争,打击哥穆尔卡的“波兰道路”的建设,最终从推行“联合政府”政策到建立共产党一党专政的政策转变。第三部分,论述了冷战局势日益恶化后,为应对杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划,苏联对波兰采取的各项措施。其表现为建立共产党情报局,加强对波兰政党的联系和控制;筹建经济互助委员会,抵制马歇尔计划对波兰以及东欧国家的经济影响;通过对波兰派驻苏联顾问和专家的形式,加强集团的内部联系。结语部分,通过上述三部分的论述,笔者认为,战后初期苏联对波兰的政策,表现为三个阶段性特征:第一阶段,1945年到1947年,苏联为实现其战后的大国合作政策,积极加强同波兰的联系。这一时期苏联对波兰的政策,是将波兰纳入苏联的势力范围而采取的措施。第二阶段,1947年到1948年,苏联对外政策从大国合作向集团对抗转变,表现在苏联对波兰内政干预的加强,并促成波兰由多党制“联合政府”向一党制的转变。第三阶段,1948年到1953年,冷战的深化使苏联进一步加强对波政策,这一时期苏联对波兰的政策,主要是打着团结社会主义阵营的旗号,对波兰政治、经济、军事、对外关系进行全方位的控制。
[Abstract]:Soviet policy towards Poland from 1945 to 1953 was an important part of postwar Soviet foreign policy. Politically and strategically, Poland is a country that has an important influence on the Soviet Union. After studying the Soviet Union's policy towards Poland during this period, we can understand the influence of the Soviet Union on Poland's internal and foreign affairs and on Poland's socialist construction. This paper is divided into three parts: The first part mainly discusses the origin of the Soviet-wave boundary problem during the World War, and the dispute and settlement process between the three international conferences after the war. The determination of the Soviet-wave boundary line provided the material guarantee for the Soviet Union to establish the seatbelt in Eastern Europe. The second part discusses the transition period from 1945 to 1948, from the great power cooperation policy to the group confrontation policy. In order to consolidate the alliance with Poland during this period, the Soviet Union stepped up its intervention in the construction of political parties in Poland, resolved the struggle of all parties in Poland, and cracked down on the construction of the "Polish road" of Gomulka. Finally, from the implementation of the "coalition government" policy to the establishment of the one-party dictatorship of the Communist Party. The third part discusses the measures taken by the Soviet Union against Poland in response to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan after the worsening of the Cold War situation. It was manifested in the establishment of the Communist Intelligence Agency, the strengthening of ties and control over Polish political parties, the preparation of the Economic Mutual Assistance Committee, the resistance to the economic impact of the Marshall Plan on Poland and the countries of Eastern Europe, and the establishment of Soviet advisers and experts to Poland, Strengthen the group's internal ties. In the conclusion part, the author thinks that the Soviet Union's policy towards Poland in the early postwar period is characterized by three stages: the first stage, from 1945 to 1947, the Soviet Union realized its post-war policy of great power cooperation. We will actively strengthen our ties with Poland. The Soviet Union's policy towards Poland during this period was a measure to bring Poland into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. In the second stage, from 1947 to 1948, the Soviet Union's foreign policy changed from big power cooperation to bloc confrontation, which was manifested in the strengthening of Soviet intervention in Poland's internal affairs and the transformation of Poland from a multi-party "coalition government" to a one-party system. In the third stage, from 1948 to 1953, the deepening of the Cold War led the Soviet Union to further strengthen its policy towards Poland. During this period, the Soviet Union's policy towards Poland, mainly in the name of uniting the socialist camp, was directed at Polish politics, economy and military affairs. Foreign relations are under full control.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5

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