论二十世纪七十年代以后美国犹太人中的凝聚力开始下降及其原因

发布时间：2018-05-17 02:43

本文选题：美国犹太人 + 凝聚力　；参考：《四川外语学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 许多世纪以来,犹太民族在世界许多地方遭受迫害与压迫。然而,尽管荆棘苦痛族充满了整个犹太历史,这个弱小神秘的民族却幸存下来,而且很多世纪以来,保持强大的凝聚力。国内外学者对犹太民族的研究大致上集中在以下几个方面:梳理整个犹太历史;从哲学和宗教的角度探究犹太教;对犹太文学的鉴赏;论证和探讨犹太民族强大的凝聚力;以及探历史上反犹现象的本质。本文以美国犹太人为研究基础,试图论证探究美国犹太人的凝聚力从20世纪70年代以后开始下降及其原因。本文除引言和结论外由3章组成,将犹太历史切割为二战前,二战后到二十世纪七十年代,七十年代以后三个部分,探究犹太民族凝聚力在这三个时期高涨与跌落,最终得出结论:20世纪70年代后凝聚力在美国犹太人中逐渐消散。在论证这个事实的过程中,本文也试图找到这种现象背后的深层原因。引言部分简略的引导出国内外对犹太的研究重点与动态,指出本文与现有论著的不同切入点,本文的主旨以及研究方法和本文总体框架。第一章简略地论证和分析了历史上犹太民族强大的民族凝聚力及其形成原因。文章进一步指出,与欧洲犹太人比起来,美国犹太人经历了更加轻缓的歧视与压迫,因而其民族凝聚力较之欧洲松散得多,没有欧洲那么根深蒂固。第二章阐释了从二战后到70年代这段时间,美国犹太人民族凝聚力高涨的原因:对希特勒大屠杀的余悸,对新建立的犹太人自己的国度,以色列的美好期望,所有这些因素共同作用使美国犹太人抱得更紧。第三章探讨了从70年代以后,美国犹太人中民族凝聚力逐渐消散的情况。文章先罗列了消散的证据,美国犹太人对以色列捐款的骤降,对犹太教的激情减弱,与异族通婚激增的现象。然后试图解释了这种消散的原因:上升的经济与社会地位,美国人对本国犹太人的同情与接纳,越来越多的人搬离犹太社区,年轻一代美国犹太人对自身犹太性的漠视,犹太社区内部的不合理领导结构层,以色列感召力的下降。这些因素或独立,或联合,一起促使美国犹太人越来越少的关注自己的犹太性,从而使得美国犹太人中民族凝聚力的下降。结论部分再次强调本文论点,即美国犹太人的凝聚力自七十年代以后开始逐渐消退,以及指出美国的一些犹太社团开始对此现象表现出担忧,他们开始采取行动来复兴美国犹太人中凝聚力。
[Abstract]:For many centuries, the Jewish people have been persecuted and oppressed in many parts of the world. Yet, despite the entire Jewish history of the thorns, the tiny, mysterious people survived and maintained strong cohesion for centuries. Scholars at home and abroad focus on the following aspects: combing the whole Jewish history; exploring Judaism from the perspective of philosophy and religion; appreciating Jewish literature; demonstrating and discussing the strong cohesion of the Jewish nation; And to explore the historical nature of anti-Semitism phenomenon. Based on the study of American Jews, this paper attempts to demonstrate that the cohesion of American Jews has declined since the 1970s and its causes. This paper, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, consists of three chapters, cutting Jewish history into three parts: before World War II, after World War II and after 1970s, to explore the rise and fall of Jewish national cohesion in these three periods. The final conclusion is that the cohesion of the American Jews gradually dissipated after the 1970 s. In the process of proving this fact, this paper also tries to find the underlying reasons behind this phenomenon. The introduction briefly leads to the focus and development of Jewish research at home and abroad, points out the different entry points between this paper and the existing works, the main purpose of this paper, the research methods and the overall framework of this paper. The first chapter briefly demonstrates and analyzes the strong national cohesion of the Jewish nation in history and its formation reasons. The article further points out that, compared with European Jews, American Jews have experienced more mild discrimination and oppression, so their national cohesion is much looser and less deeply rooted than in Europe. The second chapter explains the reasons why the national cohesion of American Jews rose from World War II to the 1970s: the remaining fear of Hitler's Holocaust, the good expectations of Israel for the newly established Jewish nation. All these factors combined to tighten the grip of American Jews. Chapter three discusses the gradual dissipation of the national cohesion among the Jews in the United States since the 1970's. The article begins with evidence of dissipation, a sharp decline in American Jewish donations to Israel, a diminished passion for Judaism, and a surge in interracial marriages. And then tried to explain the reasons for this dissipation: rising economic and social status, American sympathy for and acceptance of the Jewish people, increasing numbers of people moving out of the Jewish community, the younger generation of American Jews' disregard for their own Jewish character. The unreasonable leadership structure within the Jewish community and the decline in Israel's appeal. These factors, together with independence or association, make American Jews pay less and less attention to their own Jewish character, thus reducing the national cohesion among American Jews. The conclusion re-emphasizes the argument that the cohesion of American Jews has gradually receded since the 1970s, and points out that some Jewish communities in the United States are beginning to express concern about this phenomenon. They began to act to restore cohesion among American Jews.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712

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