战后英国共识政治评析（1945-1979）

发布时间：2018-05-18 01:00

本文选题：共识政治 + 工党　；参考：《天津师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 第二次世界大战后,英国政治的一个重要特点是,从艾德礼政府到70年代中期的30多年里,英国保守党和工党不论哪个党上台执政,都执行大体一致的内外政策,在一系列重大国内外政策上达成共识,出现了所谓的“共识政治”局面。对于“共识政治”的研究,英国学者和国内学者都有了一定的研究,学界都认为战后英国经历了两次共识政治,第一次是二战后到1979年撒切尔夫人上台执政时期,这段时间的共识政治被认为是“社会民主主义共识”,即保守党逐渐向工党倾斜、转移,实行的是“巴茨克尔主义”。第二次共识政治是1998年工党布莱尔上台执政至今,即所谓的“新自由主义共识”。这段时期工党执行的一些政策继承了撒切尔夫人执政时期的一些政策,这些政策被统称为“第三条道路”,“第三条道路”是工党区别旧社会民主主义和新自由主义,而实际上工党的“第三条道路”的一些政策也被人们称为“布莱切尔主义”。本文主要阐述的是英国战后的第一次共识政治(1945——1979)。文章共分为四部分,第一部分主要阐述英国共识政治的概念、研究现状和研究意义。本文主要对共识政治的概念进行分析,并区别出共识政治与政治共识、政策共识,以此来展开对共识政治的认识。第二部分主要说明战后英国共识政治的内容,主要从意识形态共识、政治共识和政策共识三方面来说明。当前学界对共识政治只集中在政策共识方面的介绍,虽然对意识形态共识和政治共识有所涉及,但没有具体阐述。第三部分是对战后英国共识政治形成的原因进行分析,主要从历史背景、经济根源、政治体制和阶级因素进行理解。第四部分主要介绍战后英国第一次共识政治的破产并对其进行评价。战后英国的共识政治,在英国历史上发挥了重要的作用,也成为了战后英国政治的一个重要特点。对战后共识政治的研究,不仅仅对英国的历史研究具有重要意义,对世界社会主义运动的研究也有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, an important feature of British politics was that, during the more than 30 years from the Attlee Administration to the mid-1970s, the Conservative Party and the Labour Party, no matter which party came to power, all carried out broadly the same internal and external policies. In a series of major domestic and foreign policies reached consensus, the emergence of the so-called "consensus politics" situation. For the study of "consensus politics", both British and domestic scholars have studied it to a certain extent. Scholars believe that the United Kingdom experienced two consensus politics after the war, the first of which was after World War II and when Mrs. Thatcher came to power in 1979. The consensus politics of this period is regarded as the "social democratic consensus", that is, the Conservative Party is gradually tilting to the Labour Party, the transfer, and the implementation of "Barzkelism." The second consensus politics came into power in 1998, the so-called "neoliberal consensus". Some of the policies carried out by the Labour Party during this period inherited some of the policies of Thatcher's administration, which were collectively referred to as the "third way", which was the Labour Party's distinction between old democracy and neoliberalism. In fact, some of Labour's "third way" policies are also known as "Bracherism." This article mainly expounds the first consensus politics of Britain after the war, 1945-1979. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly expounds the concept, research status and significance of British consensus politics. This paper mainly analyzes the concept of consensus politics, and differentiates consensus politics, political consensus and policy consensus so as to develop the understanding of consensus politics. The second part mainly explains the content of postwar British consensus politics, mainly from three aspects of ideological consensus, political consensus and policy consensus. At present, consensus politics is only focused on the policy consensus in academic circles. Although it involves ideological consensus and political consensus, it is not elaborated in detail. The third part is an analysis of the causes of the formation of postwar British consensus politics, mainly from the historical background, economic roots, political system and class factors. The fourth part mainly introduces the bankruptcy of the first consensus politics in postwar Britain and evaluates it. The consensus politics of postwar Britain played an important role in British history and became an important feature of postwar British politics. The study of postwar consensus politics is of great significance not only to the study of British history, but also to the study of the world socialist movement.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.5

【引证文献】