二战期间美国犹太社团面对纳粹屠犹的困境

发布时间：2018-05-25 05:27

本文选题：大屠杀 + 美国犹太社团　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：有人说，控制世界的是美国，而控制美国的是犹太人。中国以及世界其他各地的公众对美国犹太人一直有这样一个误解：美国犹太人似乎从来就影响着美国的政治，经济和媒体，而且总能影响美国国会在中东政策的制定上偏向以色列。因此难以想象美国犹太社团在希特勒屠杀欧洲犹太人期间，没有什么反应。七十年代以后，当有些历史学家及学者反思这段历史时，更多的是严厉批评美国国犹太人为了同化到美国白人基督教主流文化的大熔炉，，摆脱犹太身份，而对自己的同胞漠不关心。但本文认为这段历史的真相另有隐情，即二战期间，美国犹太人并不像现在人们认为的那么强大，他们当时也和其他少数族裔一样，受到歧视，压迫，没有话语权。当时的社会环境使得美国犹太社团身处困境，对内各犹太社团不能团结一致，对外他们无法争取到美国民众及政府的支持去救援欧洲犹太人。因此，二战期间美国犹太社团面对纳粹屠犹并不是冷漠无情，而是身陷困境，无能为力。美国犹太社团面对纳粹屠犹的无能为力体现在以下三个方面，即各社团内部不团结，无法获得美国公众的支持，以及无法获得美国政府的帮助。二战期间，美国人和犹太人的双重身份束缚着美国犹太人的行动，同时美国犹太社团内部分歧较大，最终导致各社团相互制约，无法团结一致解救被屠杀的欧洲犹太人。另一个制约美国犹太社团行动的因素是美国公众。美国媒体对大屠杀缺少报道或误报使得很多美国公众对纳粹的暴行无法知晓，另外美国公众的反犹情绪使得他们对大屠杀持冷漠态度，因此美国犹太社团无法动员大众力量为营救欧洲犹太人给政府施压。而美国政府的不作为是导致犹太社团无法作为的最重要因素，其相关的移民政策阻碍着欧洲犹太人的自救，救援政策没有得到有效的实施，同时美国政府的首要任务是取得战争的全面胜利，营救被屠杀的欧洲犹太人并不是其工作的重点。而当时美国犹太社团力量有限，对美国的政治毫无影响力，无法游说政府为解救欧洲同胞而改变其相关政策。因此美国犹太社团面对纳粹屠犹并不是毫无作为，而是无法有所作为，其行动受到各方面因素的制约，使其身陷困境，面对欧洲同胞的屠杀而无能为力。
[Abstract]:It is said that the United States controls the world, and the Jews control the United States. The public in China and the rest of the world have a persistent misconception of American Jews: American Jews always seem to influence the political, economic, and media sectors of the United States. And it can always influence the U.S. Congress to favor Israel in formulating policy in the Middle East. It is therefore inconceivable that the American Jewish community did not react to Hitler's massacre of European Jews. After the 1970s, when some historians and scholars reflected on this period of history, they more severely criticized the Jews in the United States for assimilating the melting pot of the mainstream American Christian culture and getting rid of their Jewish identity. And indifferent to his own countrymen. But this paper argues that the truth of this history is something else: during World War II, American Jews were not as powerful as they are now thought. They were discriminated against, oppressed, and had no right to speak, just like other minorities. The social environment at that time made the Jewish community in the United States in a difficult situation. They could not unite with the Jewish communities at home and abroad and could not win the support of the American people and the government to rescue the European Jews. As a result, the American Jewish community faced Nazi slaughter during World War II is not callous, but in a difficult situation, powerless. The inability of the American Jewish community to deal with the Nazi massacre is reflected in the following three aspects: the disunity within the communities, the inability to gain the support of the American public, and the inability to obtain the help of the United States government. During World War II, the dual identity of Americans and Jews bound the actions of American Jews. At the same time, the differences within the Jewish communities in the United States led to the mutual restriction of each other and the inability to unite to rescue the European Jews who had been slaughtered. Another constraint on the action of the American Jewish community is the American public. The lack of coverage or misinformation in the US media about the Holocaust has left many Americans unaware of the atrocities committed against the Nazis, and anti-Semitic sentiment among the American public has made them indifferent to the Holocaust. As a result, the American Jewish community was unable to mobilize mass efforts to pressure the government to rescue European Jews. The inaction of the United States government is the most important factor causing the Jewish community to do nothing. Its immigration policy hinders the self-help of the Jews in Europe, and the rescue policy is not effectively implemented. At the same time, the United States government's first priority is to win the war, the rescue of European Jews slaughtered is not the focus of its work. At the time, the Jewish community in the United States had limited power and had no influence on American politics and could not lobby the government to change its policies in order to save its fellow Europeans. Therefore, the American Jewish community did not do nothing to deal with the Nazi massacre, but could not do anything. Its action was restricted by various factors, which caused it to be in a difficult position, and was powerless in the face of the massacre of the European compatriots.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K712

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