二十世纪二、三十年代美国妇女生存状况与妇女运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 10:01

本文选题：1920年代 + 1930年代　；参考：《华东师范大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：1920年代和1930年代处于两次世界大战的间歇期，也是美国第一次女权运动和第二次女权运动之间的一个低潮期，此时美国社会经历了经济繁荣——危机——复苏的过程，处于一个政治、经济、社会、文化急剧转变时期，美国妇女生活丰富多彩，其外表、行为、婚姻家庭和就业都呈现新的特点。1920年代随着经济的繁荣，出现消费社会，新的大众媒体促进了信息的沟通和全国性价值观的形成，美国妇女享受着现代化所带来的物质和精神财富，其中特立独行的“新女性”群体尤其引人注目，成为1920年代女性自由与解放最突出的代表，并成为喧嚣的1920年代的象征。但随着大萧条的到来，美国妇女的生活状况急转直下，1930年代期间美国妇女的婚姻、家庭、就业都受到大萧条的的巨大冲击，她们承受着物质匮乏和精神痛苦的双重磨难，设法应对危机，努力维持家庭和自身的生存，她们不仅经受住了大萧条的考验，而且在家庭和社会中的地位有所提高。本文选取这个时期的妇女生存状态进行个案研究，考察此时美国妇女的婚姻家庭、就业和她们在政治和社会运动中的具体状况，指出这个时期美国妇女在家庭和社会中的地位和角色随着社会经济、政治和文化的变迁而变化。进而，在个案研究基础上，探讨社会政治、经济和文化变迁与妇女地位和角色变化之间的互动关系。妇女的生存状态受到外部世界的规范，社会政治、经济和文化变动对她们的生活有根本性的影响，妇女要获得真正的解放，自身的努力是关键，其中经济独立是妇女走向平等和解放的基础。无论在私人领域还是公共领域，女性的地位与角色很大程度取决于其经济独立能力，这是女性思想解放、个人发展的原动力，但经济平等不仅取决于生活生产力发展水平，还受制于社会和文化发展水平，这些都需要经过长期的努力才能达到。同时，传统与文化因素的影响同样是强大的，在女性走向平等和解放的道路上，观念上的解放与经济上的平等同等重要。本文共分为5个部分，具体安排如下：序论部分主要阐述本选题的依据、意义、国内外研究现状和文章主要观点。笔者认为，1920年代和1930年代期间社会政治、经济和文化变动剧烈，妇女生活丰富多彩，但对1920年代和1930年代期间妇女状况的研究起步较晚，直到1970年代以后才出现大量研究成果，对这个时期不同种族和阶级群体的妇女生存状态进行比较深入的研究，对正确评价1920年代和1930年代期间妇女的地位和作用、全面了解这个时期的社会变迁起了重要作用，但大多数的研究侧重于展现妇女具体生存状况，而且多从“她史”角度进行研究，对社会性别关系中妇女地位和角色的变迁很少探讨，也很少把1920年代和1930年代作为一个整体进行考察，这为笔者利用已有成果、运用社会学、历史学和妇女学等方法、在“社会性别”角度综合考察这个时期妇女的生存状况及其地位和角色变迁留下了空间。第一章侧重分析1920年代妇女的生存情况以及其地位和角色变迁。本章首先分析了1920年代之前美国社会政治、经济和社会文化的变迁，笔者认为工业化和城市化改变了维多利亚时期的妇女观，社会文化在20世纪初也逐步走向开放，部分妇女走出家门，，进入劳
[Abstract]:In 1920s and 1930s, in the intermission of the two World War and a low tide between the first American feminist movement and the second feminist movement, American society experienced economic prosperity, crisis, recovery, in a period of political, economic, social and cultural transformation, and the rich life of American women. Colorful, its appearance, behavior, marriage, family and employment all present new features in the.1920 age with the prosperity of the economy and the emergence of a consumer society. The new mass media has promoted the communication of information and the formation of national values. The American women enjoy the material and spiritual wealth brought by the modernization, of which the "new female" group is unique. Especially, it became the most prominent representative of the freedom and liberation of women in the 1920s and became the symbol of the hustle and bustle of 1920s. But with the arrival of the great depression, the living conditions of American women suddenly turned down. During the 1930s, the marriage, family and employment of American women were greatly impacted by the great depression, and they were suffering from material scarcity and the lack of material. The double tribulation of mental pain, trying to cope with the crisis, and trying to maintain the family and its own survival, they not only withstood the test of the great depression, but also improved their status in the family and society. This article selected the case study of the state of women's survival at this time to examine the marriage and family of American women at this time, and the employment and their presence at this time. The specific situation in the political and social movement points out that the status and role of American women in the family and society in this period changes with the changes of socioeconomic, political and cultural changes. On the basis of case studies, the interaction between social and political, economic and cultural changes and the change of women's status and roles. The state of existence is regulated by the external world, social political, economic and cultural changes have a fundamental influence on their life. Women need to be truly emancipated and their own efforts are the key. Economic independence is the basis for women's equality and liberation. In both the private and public fields, the status and role of women is a great journey. Degree depends on its economic independence, which is the motive force of women's ideological emancipation and personal development, but economic equality not only depends on the level of the development of life productivity, but also to the level of social and cultural development, all of which need to be achieved through long-term efforts. On the road of equality and liberation, ideological emancipation and economic equality are equally important.
This article is divided into 5 parts, which are arranged as follows:
The preface part mainly expounds the basis of the topic, the significance, the current research situation at home and abroad and the main points of view of the article. I think that the social politics, the economic and cultural changes are intense in 1920s and 1930s, and the women's life is rich and colorful, but the research on the situation of women in 1920s and 1930s is late, and it is not out until 1970s. In this period, a large number of research achievements have been made to study the status of women in different races and class groups in this period. It has played an important role in the correct evaluation of the status and role of women in the period of 1920s and 1930s and a comprehensive understanding of the social changes in this period, but most of the research focuses on the manifestation of the specific survival of women. In addition to the study of "her history", we rarely discuss the changes in the status and role of women in the gender relationship, and rarely examine the 1920s and 1930s as a whole. This is a comprehensive study of the "social gender", using the existing results, using sociology, history and women's studies. During this period, women's living conditions and status and role change left room.
The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the status and role changes of women in 1920s. This chapter first analyzes the changes in the social and political, economic and social culture of the United States before 1920s. The author thinks that industrialization and urbanization have changed the view of women in Vitoria, and the social culture was gradually open in the early twentieth Century. Women go out of their homes and get into work
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K712.5

【引证文献】