肯尼迪—约翰逊政府就业与培训政策研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 00:23

本文选题：美国 + 肯尼迪　；参考：《东北师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 在第二次世界大战后的科技革命浪潮中,生产技术的变革引起美国产业结构和经济结构的转型,使美国向后工业社会转变。在这个转变中,美国各界能够正视生产技术变革对劳动力市场的消极影响和富裕中的贫困问题,并展开了激烈的讨论。肯尼迪-约翰逊政府时期,国会和联邦政府制定并调整了就业与培训政策,使其实现了从60年代初解决结构性失业、提高劳动力就业能力的微观经济政策向1964年后以就业和培训为手段、以消除社会贫困为终极目标的福利性社会政策的转变。本文利用美国大量政府文献和研究机构、学者的研究资料,全面回顾和考察了肯尼迪-约翰逊政府就业与培训政策产生的时代背景、政策起源、法案制定和调整、计划实施和成效。纵观肯尼迪-约翰逊政府的政策,不管其宗旨、性质如何变化,在政策实施中,体现了满足特定行业劳动力短缺的需要、尽可能多地为失业者提供就业机会、提供摆脱贫困的途径和提升劳动力素质的目标。全文由前言、正文、结论和参考文献四部分组成。前言部分主要介绍了中美学术界对联邦就业与培训政策的研究概况,简要介绍了笔者所采用的研究方法、理论依据及借鉴意义。正文共五章。第一章追溯了二战后美国社会转型与失业、贫困问题的突显,揭示了社会福利制度的不足之处。第二章考察了联邦就业与培训政策的起源和二战后社会各界围绕政府政策进行的探讨、政府决策圈的辩论,包括围绕《1946年就业法》、减税和失业问题的政策辩论和社会各界对人力资源的利用与开发、自动化等问题的探讨。第三章探讨了针对结构性失业的就业与培训政策制定的过程、实施和局部调整,包括《1961年地区再开发法》和《1962年人力开发与培训法》的制定、实施及对政策的局部调整。第四章剖析“向贫困开战”时期就业与培训政策由微观经济政策向福利性社会政策的转变,包括政策转变的原因、《1964年经济机会法》的制定、对1962年人力开发与培训法的修正和影响政策转变的机构性因素。第五章考察了肯尼迪-约翰逊政府就业与培训计划的实施与成效,涉及联邦一级的管理、地方实施项目的方式和具体计划和实现政策目标的程度等方面。结论部分概括了论文的主要论点,总结了肯尼迪-约翰逊政府就业与培训政策的性质、政策目标和政策制定、实施和调整中体现出来的特点及影响性因素。
[Abstract]:In the wave of science and technology revolution after the second World War, the change of production technology caused the transformation of the industrial structure and economic structure of the United States, and made the United States change to the post-industrial society. In this transition, the United States has been able to face up to the negative impact of technological change on the labour market and poverty among the rich, and has had a heated discussion. During the Kennedy-Johnson administration, Congress and the federal government developed and adjusted employment and training policies to address structural unemployment since the early 1960s. The microeconomic policy of improving the employability of the labor force is transformed into the welfare social policy after 1964, in which employment and training are the means and the ultimate goal is to eliminate social poverty. This paper makes use of a large number of government documents, research institutions and scholars to review and investigate the background of the employment and training policy of the Kennedy Johnson administration, the origin of the policy, the enactment and adjustment of the bill. Plan implementation and effectiveness. Throughout the Kennedy-Johnson administration, regardless of its purpose and nature, the policy was implemented to meet the need to meet the labor shortage in specific industries and to provide as many job opportunities as possible for the unemployed. To provide a way out of poverty and improve the quality of the workforce. The full text consists of four parts: preface, text, conclusion and reference. The preface mainly introduces the general situation of the research on the federal employment and training policy in the academic circles of China and the United States, and briefly introduces the research methods, theoretical basis and reference significance adopted by the author. The text consists of five chapters. The first chapter traces the social transformation, unemployment and poverty in the United States after World War II, revealing the inadequacies of the social welfare system. The second chapter examines the origin of the federal employment and training policy, the discussion of government policy in various sectors of society after the second World War, and the debate in the decision-making circle of the government. Including the employment law 1946, tax reduction and unemployment policy debate, and the use and development of human resources, automation and other issues from all walks of life. The third chapter discusses the process, implementation and local adjustment of employment and training policies for structural unemployment, including the formulation, implementation and partial adjustment of the Regional redevelopment Act 1961 and the Manpower Development and training Act 1962. The fourth chapter analyzes the transformation of employment and training policy from microeconomic policy to welfare social policy, including the reasons for the policy change, and the formulation of the Economic opportunity Act 1964. The amendments to the Human Development and training Act of 1962 and the institutional factors affecting policy changes. The fifth chapter examines the implementation and effectiveness of the JFK-Johnson Administration's Employment and training Program, which involves the management at the federal level, the ways and means of implementing local projects and the degree to which the policy objectives are achieved. The conclusion summarizes the main points of the thesis, and summarizes the characteristics and influencing factors of the employment and training policy of Kennedy Johnson administration, the policy objectives and policy formulation, the implementation and adjustment.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

【引证文献】