德美关系探究—科索沃和伊拉克战争中德美政治处理模式与对待国际法比较

发布时间：2018-05-28 03:07

本文选题：德美 + 关系　；参考：《首都师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战之后联邦德国与美国形成了友好的合作伙伴关系,其战后经济的重建与美国经济支持和政治安全保护密不可分。联邦德国欢迎美国的霸权政治,甚至将其视为维护世界和平的稳定因素。与此同时,联邦德国也致力于加入联合国以及其他国际组织,凭借与西方国家的多边合作在国际社会上重新获得了话语权。因此,多边主义成为德国外交战略中重要的组成部分。随着两德统一后实力与自我意识的增强,德国不再盲目听从于美国。德国越来越多地在国际事务中坚持其“德国道路”并且勇于表达其外交观点,有时候甚至引起美国的不满并且引发外交争端。其中的一个原因在于两国具有不同的外交行为方式。对于美国来说单边主义仍然广受欢迎,只有在有利于维护自身利益的前提下才会实行多边主义,如不涉及美国的自身利益,与国际组织和其他国家的合作就会变得无足轻重。德美之间在外交与政治安全方面也经常会出现分歧,特别是在运用武力方而德国相对于美国较为保守,因此德美关系在科索沃危机与伊拉克战争中经历了一系列的挑战。比如德国外长菲舍尔在科索沃危机中提出的和平计划并不为美国所看好,德国拒绝参加伊拉克战争也激怒了当时的美国政府。两国不同的外交行为方式导致了外交分歧,因此两国在科索沃危机和伊拉克战争中的纷争并非偶然。多边主义与单边主义在两国外交中的地位不尽相同。德国并不主张武力解决国际纷争,而美国则将军事手段视为合法及有效的争端解决方式。同时两国对待联合国和国际法的态度也截然不同,德国较美国更为尊重国际法,希望在国际组织框架内解决国际争端。德国积极推进欧洲一体化进程,促进欧洲在政治,经济和安全政策方面的合作,而美国在一定程度上将其则视为一种潜在的威胁。德国也因此试图在北约和欧洲安全防御政策中找到一个平衡点。德国所主张的多边主义及外交手段与美国的单边主义和军事威慑使两国在国际事务中的摩擦时有发生。在复杂的国际环境中,德美关系面临着一系列的挑战,忠实与亲密无问的伙伴关系随着冷战的结束也不复存在,然而真正的对抗也并未出现。作为北约成员国,两国有着类似的价值观。未来的两国关系将在妥协与对话中前行。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States formed a friendly cooperative partnership. The reconstruction of the post-war economy was closely related to the economic support and political security protection of the United States. The Federal Republic of Germany welcomed the hegemonic politics of the United States and even regarded it as a stabilizing factor for world peace. At the same time, the Federal Republic of Germany also committed to the United Nations and other international organizations, with multilateral cooperation with Western countries in the international community to regain the right to speak. Therefore, multilateralism has become an important part of Germany's diplomatic strategy. With the strengthening of strength and self-consciousness after reunification, Germany no longer blindly obeyed the United States. Increasingly, Germany has insisted on its "German path" in international affairs and has the courage to express its diplomatic views, sometimes even provoking dissatisfaction and diplomatic disputes in the United States. One reason is that the two countries have different forms of diplomatic behavior. Unilateralism is still popular for the United States, and multilateralism can only be pursued in the interests of its own interests, and cooperation with international organizations and other countries will become irrelevant if its own interests are not involved. There are also frequent differences in diplomatic and political security between Germany and the United States, especially in the use of force, while Germany is more conservative than the United States, so German-American relations have experienced a series of challenges in the Kosovo crisis and the war in Iraq. For example, the peace plan put forward by German Foreign Minister Fischer in the Kosovo crisis was not favored by the United States, and Germany's refusal to participate in the Iraq war also angered the American government at that time. The differences between the two countries over the Kosovo crisis and the Iraq war are no accident. Multilateralism and unilateralism have different roles in the diplomacy of the two countries. Germany does not advocate the resolution of international disputes by force, while the United States regards military means as a legitimate and effective way to resolve disputes. At the same time, the two countries treat the United Nations and international law very differently. Germany respects international law more than the United States and hopes to resolve international disputes within the framework of international organizations. Germany actively promotes European integration and promotes European cooperation in political, economic and security policies, which the United States sees as a potential threat to some extent. Germany is therefore trying to find a balance between NATO and European security defence policy. The multilateralism and diplomacy advocated by Germany and the unilateralism and military deterrence of the United States make friction between the two countries in international affairs. In the complex international environment, German-American relations are facing a series of challenges. With the end of the Cold War, there is no faithful and intimate partnership, but no real confrontation. As members of NATO, the two countries share similar values. Future relations between the two countries will move forward in compromise and dialogue.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K153

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