二战时期日军自戕现象探析

发布时间：2018-05-30 05:23

本文选题：二战时期 + 日军　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 二战时期日本军人的强悍及“不投降主义”,为世人所周知。生还概率极低的“肉弹攻击”和自杀式冲锋,以注定死亡为前提的“神风特攻”及“玉碎”等,成了日军在战场上惯用的自戕方式。鉴于国内史学界对此现象至今尚无综合性地专文探讨,故就相关问题试作探析。文章首先运用数理统计和分析的方法,通过对二战中日军的阵亡率、“特攻”战死率、“玉碎”率、俘虏及投诚反共率等几组数据统计,再现了日军“自戕”的疯狂性及普遍性,说明了日军“宁死不降”的特性。其次,就日军自戕的种类及方式进行了系统地梳理和陈述。大致可分为:以“肉弹攻击”(自杀式冲锋)、“神风特攻”(空中敢死队)、“义烈伞兵队”、“回天鱼雷”(载人鱼雷)、“自杀潜艇”、“反坦克肉搏战”、“自杀式细菌战”等为代表的攻击性自戕;以剖腹、服毒、饮弹、自焚等为典型的战败后自戕;最终还有“一亿玉碎”叫嚣声中的“自戕性防御计划”。再次,从根深蒂固的“武士道”精神、长期的军国主义教育、浓厚的“靖国情结”、神道教及佛教的宗教动员、历史文化传统、特殊的地理环境等六个方面,剖析了日军自戕的原因。指出:日本军人的自戕行为,是多种因素综合作用的结果。最后,归纳出了日军自戕的几个特点:具有极强的残酷性和主动性;带有明显的自决性;具有浓厚的“愚忠”色彩;深受“精神战胜物质”的毒害等。它留给人们最深沉的思考是:“武士道”是导致日军自戕最主要的原因。至今,“武士道”仍或多或少地沉淀在日军的文化传统中,滋生“武士道”的土壤依然存在,日本重走军国主义老路的隐患并未彻底根除,世人仍应警惕!
[Abstract]:The Japanese soldiers of World War II were known for their intrepidity and non-capitulationism. The "flesh-bomb attack" and suicide charge with very low probability of survival, "kamikaze attack" and "jade fragment", which presupposes death, have become the Japanese common way of killing themselves on the battlefield. In view of the fact that there is no comprehensive research on this phenomenon in the field of history in China, this paper tries to explore the related problems. The article first uses the method of mathematical statistics and analysis to analyze the death rate of Japanese troops in World War II, the rate of "special attack", the rate of "jade fragmentation", the rate of captives and defections against the Communist Party, and so on. It reproduces the madness and universality of Japanese "suicide", and explains its characteristic of "dying rather than falling". Secondly, the types and methods of Japanese suicide are systematically combed and stated. It can be roughly divided into: "flesh-bomb attack" (suicide charge, "kamikaze special attack" (air death squadron), "Yilie paratroopers", "return to the sky torpedo" (manned torpedo, "suicide submarine", "anti-tank hand-to-hand combat," "suicide germ warfare" is a representative of aggressive suicide; the typical suicide after defeat is cesarean section, poison taking, bullet drinking, and self-immolation; and finally, there is a "suicide defense plan" in the clamor of "100 million pieces of jade." Thirdly, from the deep-rooted spirit of "Bushido", long-term militarism education, strong "Yasukuni complex", religious mobilization of Shinto and Buddhism, historical and cultural traditions, special geographical environment, etc. The causes of Japanese suicide were analyzed. It is pointed out that the self-killing behavior of Japanese military personnel is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. Finally, several characteristics of self-suicide of Japanese army are summarized: extremely cruel and active, with obvious self-determination, with strong "folly" color, deeply poisoned by "spirit over matter", and so on. The most profound thought left is that Bushido is the main cause of Japanese suicide. Up to now, the "Bushido" is still more or less precipitated in the Japanese military's cultural tradition, the soil of breeding "Bushido" still exists, the hidden danger of Japan's returning to militarism has not been completely eradicated, and the world should still be vigilant!
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K313.46

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