英国富裕农民群体研究（1450-1650）

发布时间：2018-06-01 23:07

本文选题：英国 + 富裕农民　；参考：《东北师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 近年来国内外关于英国农业现代化的研究成果相当丰厚,提出了许多有益的问题,其中关于富裕农民这一重要群体的研究,有必要予以进一步深入的探讨。英国农业现代的启动者是领主、商人还是工业资本家?本文认为,农业是英国资本主义的基础,富裕农民是农业资本主义的发动者、农村社会的“脊梁”。他们是社会转型时期英国农村的精英群体,对经济、政治、教育文化、日常生活等方面都产生重大而深远的影响,为英国率先成为第一个工业化国家提供了最初的、最基本的经济力量和政治力量,是英国资本主义的启动者。 1450-1650年之间,是英国富裕农民发展的黄金时期。从人类历史的整体角度而言,1500年前后正是“历史发展为世界历史的重大转折时期”,“在亚欧大陆农耕世界内部,首先在西欧,社会经济发生了前所未有的根本变化”。在这一时期,人类从以农本经济向工业经济社会过渡。历史已经证明,在英国农业资本主义发生的时候,掘到第一桶金的是富裕农民。在资本主义产生的过程中,富裕农民经历了由采邑制度下的农民向资本主义农场主的演进。约曼-富裕农和他们的延伸体乡绅在15、16世纪兴起,并把土地中获得的价值重新投入到土地之中,引发了一轮又一轮的农业技术进步,增加土地的价值,推动再生产不断扩大。他们是农业革命的发起人和推动者,是英国经济转型的中坚力量。富裕农民及其延伸体实质就是英国农业资产阶级前身。本文以马克思历史唯物主义为指导思想,坚持经济-社会史的研究方法,吸收和借鉴相关领域的研究成果,广泛搜集资料,特别注意搜集国内外学者关于本课题最新的研究成果,重证据,重定量分析。笔者把1450-1650年的英国富裕农民群体作为一个整体进行考察,从富裕农民的来源、富裕农民群体的形成、富裕农民的消费水准、富裕农民公共政治生活与教育状况、富裕农民与乡绅的融合、以及富裕农民的前途等几方面,做了多层次的深入剖析,将个体与群体结合起来,将静态的历史与动态的历史结合起来,将具体事例与历史长时段的发展趋势结合起来,有助于较真实展示这一重要群体生活场景和历史面貌。从而有助于我们对英国农村现代化历史进程的理解。不可否认,农民的历史,包括富裕农民的历史,是英国农业现代化历史、也是其整个社会现代化历史的重要组成部分。遗憾的是,这样一个重大的历史事实曾经被人们忽视了!因此,对该主题的探讨有其独特的学术价值,同时对于我国正在推行的农业现代化也提供了生动的历史参照和丰厚的思想资源。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research results of agricultural modernization in Britain and abroad have been quite rich, and many beneficial questions have been raised. Among them, the research on the important group of rich peasants needs to be further explored. Are the pioneers of modern British agriculture lords, merchants, or industrial capitalists? This paper holds that agriculture is the foundation of British capitalism, and rich peasants are the initiators of agricultural capitalism and the backbone of rural society. They were the elite group in the countryside of England during the period of social transformation. They had a great and profound influence on economy, politics, education and culture, daily life and so on, which provided the first time for Britain to become the first industrialized country. The most basic economic and political forces are the initiators of British capitalism. Between 1450 and 1650, it was the golden age of the development of rich farmers in England. From the perspective of human history as a whole, 1500 or so is "the turning point of historical development into world history" and "within the agricultural world of Eurasia, first of all in Western Europe, the social economy has undergone unprecedented fundamental changes". In this period, the human from the agricultural economy to the industrial economy and society transition. History has shown that when British agricultural capitalism came into being, it was the rich peasants who dug the first barrel of gold. In the process of capitalism, the rich farmers experienced the evolution from peasants under the fiefdom system to capitalist farmers. Yoman-rich peasants and their extended gentry rose in the 1500s and reinvested the value gained in the land into the land, which led to successive rounds of agricultural technological progress, increased the value of the land and promoted the expansion of reproduction. They were the initiators and promoters of the agricultural revolution and the backbone of Britain's economic transformation. Rich peasants and their extension are essentially the predecessor of the British agricultural bourgeoisie. This paper, guided by Marx's historical materialism, adheres to the research methods of economic and social history, absorbs and draws on the research results of relevant fields, and collects data extensively. Special attention is paid to collecting the latest research results of domestic and foreign scholars on this subject, emphasizing evidence and quantitative analysis. From 1450-1650, the author investigates the rich peasant groups in England as a whole, from the sources of the rich farmers, the formation of the rich peasant groups, the consumption level of the rich farmers, the public political life and the education situation of the affluent peasants. The integration of rich peasants and squire, as well as the future of rich peasants, has been deeply analyzed at various levels, combining individuals with groups, static history and dynamic history. The combination of concrete cases and the development trend of the long period of history is helpful to show the real life scene and historical appearance of this important group. This will help us to understand the historical process of rural modernization in England. It is undeniable that the history of peasants, including the history of rich peasants, is the history of agricultural modernization in Britain and an important part of the history of modernization of the whole society. Unfortunately, such a great historical fact has been ignored! Therefore, the discussion of this subject has its unique academic value, at the same time, it also provides vivid historical reference and rich ideological resources for the agricultural modernization that our country is carrying out.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.3

【引证文献】