18世纪英国反教权主义者与国教会的负面形象

发布时间：2018-06-04 07:15

本文选题：18世纪 + 英国　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,18世纪英国国教会在西方学术界未受到足够的重视,原因之一便在于它所“固有”的负面形象。近三十年来,尽管有关18世纪国教会研究的内容与视角已得到极大丰富和拓展,但对于这种“固有”形象的肯定与否定仍是该领域学者专家无法绕过的问题。本文以反教权主义者为切入点,通过批判性地考察和重现国教会负面形象的呈现过程,探讨时人对国教会负面形象的回应,进而揭示18世纪国教会所面临的威胁及其所保有的忠诚,并对“乐观派”和“悲观派”的学术论战做出自己的回应。本文由导论和正文两部分组成,导论部分主要介绍了选题的缘由和国内外研究动态,交代了史料来源,并限制了论述的起止时间等。正文共分五章。第一章循着两条主线探讨国教会在18世纪面临的宗教情势。其中,一条主线是王政复辟以后英国“认信国家”体制的重建；另一条主线则是18世纪“教会大难临头”的呼声,或者说,18世纪英国国教会面临的主要威胁和它的主要敌人。第二章考察18世纪国教会在宗教、政治领域中所遭遇的反抗和抨击,以及在此过程中其“暴虐者”形象的逐步生成。第三章论述国教会因什一税问题而招致的攻击,以及它在经济领域中所获得的“贪婪鬼”形象。第四章讨论18世纪国教会教职人员的“士绅化”倾向,以及反教权主义者为它在教牧生活中所塑造的“渎职者”形象。第五章主要探讨两大群体,即18世纪英国的护教者和普罗大众对于反教权主义者的回应,并据此分析反教权主义者所呈现的负面形象是否深入人心,以及英国民众对国教会所保有的忠诚问题。本文最后认为,为了实现自己的宗教、政治诉求,反教权主义者在有意和无意中塑造了国教会的负面形象；18世纪国教会确实存在一些问题,但远没有反教权主义者所呈现的那么夸张；某种程度而言,是我们这些后人而非18世纪的民众受制于反教权主义者所呈现的国教会负面形象；正是反教权主义者留下的文字和图像影响了我们还原18世纪国教会真实状况时的判断力。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the Anglican Church has not received enough attention in the western academic circles for a long time, one of the reasons is its "inherent" negative image. In the past three decades, although the contents and perspectives of the study of the national churches in the 18th century have been greatly enriched and expanded, the affirmation and negation of this "inherent" image is still a problem that scholars and experts in this field cannot bypass. This paper, from the perspective of anti-fundamentalists, explores the response of people to the negative image of the church by critically examining and recreating the process of presenting the negative image of the church. It also reveals the threats and loyalties of the church in the 18th century, and makes its own response to the academic debates between the "optimists" and the "pessimists". This paper is composed of two parts: introduction and text. The introduction mainly introduces the reason of choosing the topic and the research trends at home and abroad, explains the sources of historical data, and limits the time of beginning and ending of the discussion. The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter explores the religious situation of the National Church in the 18 th century by following two main lines. One of the main lines is the reconstruction of Britain's system of "believing in the country" after the restoration of the king's rule, the other is the cry of "the church is on its way" in the 18th century, or the main threat to the Church of England in the 18th century and its main enemies. The second chapter examines the resistance and criticism encountered by the National Church in the religious and political fields in the 18th century, and the gradual formation of the image of the "oppressor" in the process. The third chapter deals with the attack caused by the tax problem and the image of "greedy ghost" it gains in the field of economy. The fourth chapter discusses the "gentrification" tendency of the church staff in the 18th century, and the image of "dereliction of duty" created by the anti-religious authorities in their pastoral life. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the response of the two groups, that is, the protectors and the general public in the 18th century, to the anti-religious authoritarianism, and then analyzes whether the negative image of the anti-fundamentalists is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. And the loyalty of the British people to the Church of England. Finally, in order to realize one's religious and political demands, anti-religious rights activists deliberately and unwittingly created the negative image of the national church. There are some problems in the 18th century church. To some extent, our descendants, not the people of the 18th century, are subject to the negative image of the state church presented by the anti-fundamentalists. It is the anti-chauvinists who leave behind words and images that affect our judgment in restoring the true state of the 18 th century church.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K561

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