论修昔底德著作中的“人本史观”

发布时间：2018-06-06 23:27

本文选题：古希腊 + 修昔底德　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：修昔底德(Thucydides,公元前460或455——公元前400或395年),古希腊三大史学家之一,古典“人本史观”集大成者,在整个西方史学发展史中占据重要地位。虽然修昔底德仅为后人留下一部著作——《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》,但足以成就修昔底德的历史地位。在古典时期,伴随着民主制的成熟,工商业的繁盛,思想文化领域异军突起,史学尤为突出,其中,“人本史观”成为史家写作历史的一大风格。修昔底德继荷马、希罗多德之后,将古典“人本史观”推向了顶峰,并为之后的史家树立了光辉的典范。修昔底德在《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》中体现出的“人本史观”为后世所公认,这与前人的启发、所处的时代以及个人的历史素养分不开。“人本史观”在《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》中主要表现为：揭开历史事件的真实原因；否定自然现象中神的因素；否定神的同时充分肯定人的作用。当然,修昔底德的“人本史观”只是一种朴素的历史观,与现代人所理解的“以人为本”还有差距,但是修昔底德能在两千多年前那个以神为主的社会中注意到“人”的力量与存在价值,实属罕见。修昔底德的“人本史观”深深地影响了他以后的古希腊古罗马史家。
[Abstract]:Thucydides, 460 or 455BC, 400 or 395 BC, one of the three great historians of ancient Greece and the master of the classical "humanistic historical view", occupies an important position in the history of western historiography. Although Thucydides left only one book, the History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides was able to achieve the historical status of Thucydides. In the classical period, along with the maturity of democracy, the prosperity of industry and commerce, the field of ideology and culture sprang up, especially the historiography. Among them, the "humanistic view of history" became a major style of historians' writing history. After Homer and Herodotus, Thucydides pushed the view of human history to its peak and set a shining example for the later historians. Thucydides' view of human history embodied in the History of Peloponnesian War is recognized by later generations, which can not be separated from the inspiration of predecessors, the times in which they live and the historical literacy of individuals. In the History of Peloponnesian War, the main manifestations of humanism are as follows: uncovering the real causes of historical events; denying the factor of God in natural phenomena; denying God while fully affirming the role of man. Of course, Thucydides's "human-centered historical view" is only a simple historical view, and there is still a gap between "people-oriented" and "people-oriented" as understood by modern people. But it was rare for Thucydides to notice the power and existence of man in a society dominated by God more than two thousand years ago. Thucydides'view of human history deeply influenced his later ancient Greek and Roman historians.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K125

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