中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策探析

发布时间：2018-06-07 08:29

本文选题：英国 + 中世纪晚期　；参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策主要是指14-15世纪英国政府出台的保护本国经济和促进其发展的政策措施。中世纪晚期英国经历了一系列的政治、经济上的变化,这对英国政府政策的制定有着深远的影响。随着资本主义工商业的不断发展和国内民族意识的不断增强,英国政府制定的政策带有明显的保护和促进国内经济发展的特征。国内外学者对这一问题还没有进行十分深入、系统的研究。本文主要对这一问题进行深入细致地剖析,通过结合时代背景分析出其产生的原因,梳理出14-15世纪英国保护主义政策的脉络,以及揭示出这些政策的制定和执行对英国的影响。本文主要分为三章。第一章主要分析保护主义政策出台的原因。首先,中世纪晚期西欧出现了银荒,在人们的观念里金银积累是国家政治、经济发展的大目标。西欧许多国家为了能够在同其它国家经济交往中获取利益和促进本国经济发展,都奉行保护主义的政策。在这样的大环境下,英国政府也加快了实施保护主义政策的步伐。其次,在中世纪的很长时期里,在英国的外国商人尤其是汉萨商人和意大利商人所享有的特权引发了英国商人的对抗。中世纪晚期英国商人为了独立自主的发展本国贸易和开拓海外贸易,不断排斥外国商人的势力。英国商人不断地向国王请愿,要求政府出台限制和打击外国商人的政策。最后,随着经济的不断发展,到中世纪晚期,英国商人的实力也有了持续的提高,他们与统治者加强了联系。这也推动了政府出台保护本国商人的政策。第二章主要从商业和手工业两个方面,对中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策做了一个系统的梳理。在商业中,政府主要通过税收政策和外国人寄宿主制度来限制外国商人。政府主要通过建立羊毛集中地制度,支持冒险商人建立冒险商人公司,与其它国家政府签订一系列商业条约来扶植本国的商人。与此同时,政府还采取政策来扶植本国航运业的发展,坚决贯彻鼓励金银进口、禁止金银出口的政策。在手工业中,政府主要通过税收政策和移民政策来促进呢绒业的发展,以及通过商品进出口管制及质量监督来促进本国手工业发展。第三章主要分析保护主义政策的影响。保护主义政策在一定程度上促进了英国经济的发展。保护主义政策促进了英国手工业经济的发展,形成了许多新兴的纺织业中心,并进一步促进了英国资本主义生产关系的发展。保护主义政策提升了英国商人在商业活动中的竞争力和海上实力。保护主义政策使英国国内保持了相当数量的货币及金银储备,推动了早期重商主义在英国的发展。保护主义政策是将英国人的民族情感与经济问题联系的纽带,并具有强烈地排他性的特征。这些,对英国民族国家的成长具有重要的影响。总之,中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策的出现有其历史的必然性,是多种因素合力的结果。中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策体现在很多经济领域,尤其是商业上。中世纪晚期英国保护主义政策对处于上升时期的英国以巨大的推动力。
[Abstract]:British Protectionism in the late Middle Ages mainly refers to the policy measures adopted by the British government in the 14th to 15th centuries . The British government has experienced a series of political and economic changes in the late Middle Ages .

This paper is divided into three chapters . The first chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the policy of protectionism . First , in the late middle of the Middle Ages , the British businessman has accelerated the policy of protectionism . In the long period of the Middle Ages , the British businessman has also accelerated the policy of protectionism . In the long period of the Middle Ages , British businessmen constantly asked the king and asked the government to introduce policies to limit and combat foreign businessmen . Finally , with the development of the economy , the strength of British businessmen has improved continuously , and they have strengthened ties with the rulers . This also promoted the government ' s policy of protecting their businessmen .

In the second chapter , a systematic review of the British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages was carried out mainly from two aspects of commercial and hand industry . In commerce , the government mainly restricted foreign businessmen through tax policy and foreign host system . At the same time , the government adopted policies to foster the development of domestic shipping industry , and resolutely carried out policies to encourage the import of gold and silver and prohibit the export of gold and silver . In the handicrafts industry , the government mainly adopted tax policies and immigration policies to promote the development of the woolen industry , and promoted the development of domestic handicraft industry through the import and export control and quality supervision of commodities .

The protectionist policies promote the development of Britain ' s handicrafts economy , form many new textile industry centers , and further promote the development of British capitalist production relations . Protectionist policies promote British businessmen ' s competitiveness and maritime power in commercial activities . Protectionist policies promote the development of British businessmen in business activities . Protectionist policies are a link between British people ' s national feelings and economic problems and have strong exclusive characteristics . These are important implications for the growth of British nation States .

In short , the emergence of British protectionism in the late Middle Ages has its historical inevitability , and it is the result of a combination of factors . The British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages are embodied in many economic fields , especially in commerce . British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages exert great impetus on Britain in the rising period .
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.3

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