十八世纪中英茶叶贸易及其对英国社会的影响

发布时间：2018-06-07 17:17

本文选题：十八世纪 + 茶　；参考：《首都师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 文明之间的交流向来是推动历史发展的重要力量。本文以茶叶贸易为例,探讨茶对十八世纪的英国所产生的影响。全文共分为五个部分:前言部分阐明研究该课题的意义,概述了国内外本课题的学术史与研究现状并对论文写作所用的研究方法以及资料来源进行了说明。第一章梳理了十八世纪中英茶贸易的诸多面相。首先阐明了中西茶贸易的缘起与发展,然后对十八世纪中英茶叶贸易进行了全方位的考察,包括中英茶叶贸易的具体发展过程、茶叶贸易的数量、商品结构、装载方式以及茶叶种类等问题。第二章主要研究茶在英国的普及过程。茶在进入英国后,首先受到上层社会的欢迎,在其所造成的示范效应下,又从社会上层向社会下层逐渐渗透,最终在英国实现了普及。与此同时,社会各界对于饮茶是否有益进行了激烈争论,通过这一争论,英国人对茶的认识变得更为深刻全面。第三章主要探讨饮茶对于英国的经济社会生活所造成的影响。首先,茶与英国的社会生活关系密切,茶在进入英国后,就与咖啡以及酒类等饮品构成了事实上的竞争关系,由于英国人在饮茶方式上实现了本土化,才使得茶在英国社会真正扎下了根,与此同时,茶也改变了英国人的饮食规律,丰富了他们的休闲生活;其次,茶也深刻影响了英国的经济发展,正是茶叶贸易的不断增长带动了中英陶瓷贸易的大发展,刺激了英国人发展自身的陶瓷制造业。作为该行业的代表,威基伍德成为英国工业革命时期最伟大的人物之一,而英国陶瓷业的发展反过来又影响了中英陶瓷贸易的发展,导致英国东印度公司经过长期摸索而形成的茶叶—陶瓷—西米这一商品结构最终解体。第四章主要评述茶对英国的政治生活的影响。由于英国所征收的茶税较高,欧陆各国的东印度公司从中国购买的茶几乎全部以走私的方式进入了英国,英国在自身利益受到损害的情况下通过了《交换法案》,以降低茶税的方式沉重打击了欧陆各国的茶叶贸易,确立了自身在中西茶贸易中的垄断地位。为了保证中英贸易尤其是茶贸易的稳定进行,英国先后派遣出卡斯卡特使团与马戛尔尼使团访华,后者深刻影响了中英关系在未来的发展。
[Abstract]:The exchange of civilizations has always been an important force in promoting the development of history. Taking the tea trade as an example, this paper discusses the influence of tea on England in the 18 th century. The full text is divided into five parts: the preface explains the significance of the research, summarizes the academic history and current research situation of this topic at home and abroad, and explains the research methods and data sources used in the writing of the thesis. The first chapter combs many aspects of Sino-British tea trade in the 18 th century. The origin and development of tea trade between China and the West are first expounded, and then a comprehensive investigation is made on the Sino-British tea trade in the 18th century, including the specific development process of the Sino-British tea trade, the quantity of tea trade, and the commodity structure. Loading methods and tea types and other issues. The second chapter mainly studies the popularization of tea in Britain. After entering Britain, tea was first welcomed by the upper class, and then gradually infiltrated from the upper class to the lower social level under the demonstration effect of tea. Finally, tea was popularized in the United Kingdom. At the same time, there has been a heated debate about the usefulness of tea drinking, through which the British people's understanding of tea has become more profound and comprehensive. The third chapter mainly discusses the impact of tea drinking on the economic and social life in Britain. First of all, tea is closely related to the social life of the United Kingdom. After entering the United Kingdom, tea has formed a de facto competitive relationship with drinks such as coffee and alcohol, because the British have achieved localization in the way they drink tea. It was only then that tea took root in British society. At the same time, tea also changed the British diet and enriched their leisure lives. Secondly, tea also had a profound impact on the economic development of the United Kingdom. It is the continuous growth of tea trade that drives the great development of Sino-British ceramic trade and stimulates the British to develop their own ceramic manufacturing industry. As a representative of the industry, Wakewood became one of the greatest figures in the British Industrial Revolution, and the development of the British ceramic industry, in turn, affected the development of Sino-British ceramics trade. Led to the British East India after a long-term exploration and formation of tea-ceramics-Simi this commodity structure finally disintegrated. The fourth chapter mainly reviews the influence of tea on British political life. Because of the relatively high tax on tea collected in Britain, almost all the tea purchased from China by the East India companies of the European countries has entered the United Kingdom by smuggling. Britain passed the Exchange Act under the condition that its own interests were damaged, which dealt a heavy blow to the tea trade of the European countries and established its monopoly position in the tea trade between China and the West by reducing the tea tax. In order to ensure the steady development of Sino-British trade, especially tea trade, Britain successively dispatched the CastCarter and Macartney missions to visit China, which had a profound impact on the future development of Sino-British relations.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.4

【引证文献】