公元11-13世纪波斯恐怖团体木剌夷研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 21:08

本文选题：木剌夷 + 阿萨辛　；参考：《山西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：公元11—13世纪,在波斯西北部出现了以阿拉穆特堡为中心,以暗杀活动为主要目的的宗教恐怖团体——木剌夷。木剌夷属于什叶派伊斯玛仪派的分支尼扎里派,创始人是哈桑·萨巴赫,他们宣扬自我牺牲进入“精神天堂”,专门从事暗杀政敌的恐怖活动,1256年被旭烈兀率领的蒙古铁骑所灭。因其教徒在行刺前多服用一种称为“阿萨辛”(大麻叶)的麻醉剂,在英文书籍中多称其为“阿萨辛”(Assassin);而在中国史籍称其为“木剌夷”,意为“异端”或“假道学”。深入研究木剌夷的成因、发展历程可为恐怖主义研究提供新的视角。本文除绪论外,共分为三个部分。第一部分,全面剖析了木剌夷的成因,伊斯兰教内部的三次分裂是木剌夷产生的宗教背景;阿拔斯王朝的衰落和塞尔柱帝国的崛起是木剌夷产生的政治背景;阿拉穆特所处的地形特点是木剌夷生存的地理环境。第二部分,论述了木剌夷的发展历程;阐述了尼扎里派的宗教思想,如《古兰经》隐义说、数字“7”神圣说、隐遁伊玛目复临说和新柏拉图主义宇宙流溢说;分析了木剌夷的组织和培养方式,由总传教师、大传教师、传教师和菲达伊(Fidai,奉献生命者)首领组成的纪律森严、组织严密的领导集团,培养经过严格训练实施恐怖活动的“菲达伊”,多采取威胁、投毒和刺杀的方式打击政治敌人和宗教敌人;论述了阿拉穆特时期木剌夷历代统治者施政方针。第三部分,总结了木剌夷的灭亡与原因。木剌夷本身是一个宗教极端组织,其自身并没有正规的军队,只是依靠从事暗杀活动的菲达伊完成政治目的。统治后期,统治者政见不一、相互残杀、民心涣散是导致其灭亡的重要原因。此外,木剌夷屡次劫掠蒙古商旅,严重威胁蒙古在伊朗一带的活动,最终成为蒙古军队西征的绊脚石。本文最后,通过比较木剌夷与当今恐怖主义活动的异同初步得出一些反恐行动的启示。
[Abstract]:In the 11-13 th century AD, in northwestern Persia, a religious terrorist group, Muhari, which centered on Fort Alamut and aimed at assassinations, appeared. The Nizari faction, a branch of Shia Ismaili, was founded by Hassan Sabah, who preached self-sacrifice into a "spiritual paradise". Specializing in the assassination of political opponents of terrorist activities, 1256, led by the Huliwu Mongolia Iron Riding destroyed. Before the assassination, his followers took an anesthetic called "Assassin" (cannabis leaf), which was often referred to as "Assassinan" in English books, while in Chinese history, it was called "lily", meaning "heresy" or "false Taoism". A further study of the causes of the barbarians can provide a new perspective for the study of terrorism. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the causes of wood barbarians are comprehensively analyzed, the three splits within Islam are the religious background of the wood barbarians, the decline of the Abas dynasty and the rise of the Selzhu empire are the political background of the wood barbarians. Alamut's terrain is characterized by the geographical environment in which the wood thorns exist. In the second part, the author discusses the development course of Muzayi, expounds the religious thoughts of the Nizari school, such as the hidden meaning theory of the Koran, the sacred theory of the number "7", the theory of the reappearance of the reclusive imam and the theory of the universe overflow of Neo-Platonism. This paper analyzes the organization and training methods of Muzayi, a disciplined and well-organized leadership group composed of chief transmission teachers, big transmission teachers, preaching teachers and leaders of Fidaii, Fidaii (who give their lives). "Fedayi", who has been strictly trained to carry out terrorist activities, takes more threats, poisons and assassinations to attack political and religious enemies, and discusses the administrative principles of the successive rulers of Muzayi during the Aramut period. In the third part, the author summarizes the destruction and the reason of the wood prickly. Muhari itself is a religious extremist organization that does not have a regular army and relies on the assassinations of Fedayi for political purposes. In the late period of the reign, the rulers were divided in politics, killed each other, and the people were scattered. In addition, the repeated looting of Mongol business brigades, which seriously threatened Mongolia's activities in Iran, eventually became a stumbling block for the Mongolian army's westward expedition. Finally, by comparing the similarities and differences between the wood prickly and the present terrorist activities, some enlightenment of anti-terrorist action is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K13

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