略论卡纳塔克邦农村地区达里特人的经济状况

发布时间：2018-06-12 04:42

本文选题：印度 + 卡纳塔克邦　；参考：《华中师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 印度是伟大而古老的国家,有着灿烂辉煌的古代文明。在公元前3000-4000年,形成了一种独具特色的等级制度——种姓制度。种姓制度发展到近现代,在20世纪70年代关于种姓制度的研究中,盛行一个新的名词——达里特人,他们是在社会各个方面受到压迫和剥削的落后种姓,其社会生存状况受到研究者的关注。本文选择印度南部的卡纳塔克邦农村地区达里特人的经济状况作为主要的研究对象。首先对于当代种姓制残余、达里特人名称的由来和含义、卡纳塔克邦的达里特人作了简单的介绍和说明,为下一步的研究铺平道路。文章的第二部分分为三个小节,分别介绍达里特人的生活现状,职业、收入和债务状况,教育状况。达里特人生活极端贫困,消费资料缺乏。从事农业劳动使得日常收入不足。收入过低就导致了普遍的负债现象。教育领域虽取得了一定的成就,但仍处于落后状况。所以,达里特人整体的日常生活状况惨淡,缺衣少食,公共教育、医疗、交通设施缺乏。但是印度中央和地方政府做出了多种努力来改变达里特种姓的经济状况。文章的第三部分是主要阐述卡纳塔克邦达里特人处于怎样的农业经济关系中。他们绝大多数是小农、边际农和农业雇工,由于债务的存在还有一部分人沦为契约劳工。达里特人经济落后的现状无法得到根本扭转最主要原因在于土地改革的不彻底,达里特人的土地问题没有得到解决。总而言之,改善达里特人的经济状况还将是印度政府必须长期努力工作的要点之一,这项任务仍任重而道远。
[Abstract]:India is a great and ancient country with a splendid ancient civilization. In 3000-4000 BC, a distinctive caste system was formed. The caste system developed to modern times. In the study of the caste system in the 1970s, a new noun was prevailing-the Dalit, who were backward castes that were oppressed and exploited in all aspects of society. This paper chooses the economic situation of Darriet people in rural Karnataka state in southern India as the main research object. First of all, for the remains of the contemporary caste system, the origin and meaning of the name of the Dalit, Karnataka Darrit made a brief introduction and explanation, paving the way for the next research. The second part of the article is divided into three sections. This paper introduces the current situation of life, occupation, income and debt, and education of Dalit people. The Dalits live in extreme poverty and lack of data on consumption. Working in agriculture leads to a lack of daily income. Low incomes lead to widespread indebtedness. Although some achievements have been made in the field of education, they are still lagging behind. As a result, the Dariths as a whole have poor daily lives, food and clothing, public education, health care, and transportation. But India's central and local governments have made a number of efforts to change the economic situation of the Dalit family name. The third part of the article focuses on how the Karnataka Dalit people are in agricultural economic relations. Most of them are smallholder farmers, marginal farmers and farm workers, and some of them are indentured because of their debt. The fact that the Dalits' economic backwardness cannot be fundamentally reversed is mainly due to the incomplete land reform and the unresolved land problems of the Darites. Improving the Dalit economy will also be one of the key elements of the Indian government's long-term effort, a task that still has a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K351

【参考文献】