英国与埃及统治下的苏丹国家治理

发布时间：2018-06-13 03:17

本文选题：苏丹 + 国家治理　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1820年,随着埃及总督穆罕默德·阿里的入侵,苏丹逐渐结束内部分裂的状态,现代意义上的苏丹国家开始出现。在1820年至1954年间的苏丹历史上,这片古老的土地上存在了三个前后交替的政权,先是土埃政权,后来是马赫迪政权,最后是英国的殖民政权。三个政权统治苏丹期间,按照不同的模式在苏丹建立了各具特点的国家治理体系。本文主要分为三个部分,第一部分是埃及和马赫迪国家对苏丹的治理,第二部分英国对苏丹的治理,第三部分是各种政权治理模式的对比。土埃政权对苏丹的政治治理,主要是对苏丹国内各种力量的整合,建立了统一的中央政府;经济方面的治理较为简单;在社会治理方面,主要是对苏丹传统宗教的改革。马赫迪国家时期对苏丹国家的治理,主要是按照伊斯兰教进行的治理,政治上确立了哈里发制度;社会治理方面主要是对伊斯兰教的传播;而因为存在时间较短,马赫迪政权在经济治理方面几无成就。英埃政权统治时期,在苏丹境内建立“间接统治”的政策。政治治理方面,英埃统治前期将苏丹南北严格分开,确立了近代苏丹国家的边界,实行分而治之的策略,后期则采取的措施,对苏丹国家进行整合,并将西方国家中的议会制等政体移植到苏丹;经济治理方面,主要是将苏丹的经济发展作为英国殖民经济体系的一部分,并将苏丹和埃及的经济进行“捆绑式”建设;而在社会治理方面,主要是限制马赫迪思想传播,在南北苏丹采取不同的宗教政策,强化苏丹已经存在的社会差距。三种政权的治理模式,各具特点,都对苏丹现代国家的发展产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In 1820, with the invasion of Egyptian Governor Mohamed Ali, Sudan gradually ended the state of internal division, and the modern Sudanese state began to emerge. In the history of Sudan from 1820 to 1954, there were three alternate regimes in this ancient land, first Turkey and Egypt, then Mahdi, and finally British colonial power. During the reign of the three regimes, different models of governance were established in Sudan. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the governance of Sudan by Egypt and Mahdi, the second part is governance of Sudan by Britain, and the third part is the comparison of various governance modes. The political governance of Sudan by the Turkish and Egyptian regime, mainly the integration of various forces in the Sudan, has established a unified central government; the governance of the economy is relatively simple; in the aspect of social governance, it is mainly the reform of the traditional religion of the Sudan. The governance of the Sudan during the Mahdi period, mainly in accordance with Islam, established the caliphate system politically; the social governance was mainly about the spread of Islam; and because of its short existence, The Mahdi regime has little success in economic governance. The policy of establishing indirect rule in Sudan during the British and Egyptian regime. In terms of political governance, Britain and Egypt strictly separated the north and south of the Sudan in the early days, established the border of the modern Sudanese state and implemented the strategy of divide-and-rule, and later adopted measures to integrate the Sudanese state. In the aspect of economic governance, the economic development of Sudan is mainly regarded as a part of the British colonial economic system, and the economies of Sudan and Egypt are "bundled". In the aspect of social governance, the main reason is to restrict the spread of Mahdi's ideas, adopt different religious policies in the north and south Sudan, and strengthen the existing social gap in Sudan. Each of the three regimes has a profound influence on the development of modern Sudan.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K412.4

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