浅析16-18世纪乡绅与英国农业经营方式革新

发布时间：2018-06-13 08:27

本文选题：16-18世纪 + 英国　；参考：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：16-18世纪,是英国从农业社会向工业社会转型的关键时期。在此期间,乡绅阶层不断发展壮大,为了追求利润的最大化,他们在农业上率先采用具有资本主义性质的经营方式,推动了英国资本主义发展和现代化的进程。本论文主要从四个部分论述16-18世纪乡绅阶层对英国农业经营方式的革新。第一部分简要阐述了英国乡绅阶层的概念、界定标准及来源。并得出结论：乡绅是地产规模在贵族与约曼之间的中等阶层,其地位处于封建地主与近代资产阶级之间,是一个正在形成中的农业资产阶级。虽然部分乡绅还保留传统的农业经营方式,但是就其主流而言,已具有明显的资本主义性质。第二部分分析了乡绅革新农业经营方式的基础：经济上,教产拍卖和早期圈地运动使乡绅成为占有地产数量最大的阶层：政治上,乡绅在中央担任要职,成为地方治安法官的主要承担者,并且在下院的权势日渐上升,造成乡绅“入侵议会”的局面；在文化上,乡绅阶层接受大学教育的人数逐渐增多,带动了英国政府和法律等部门成员接受高等教育的比例,从而具备了成为革新英国农业经营方式先锋的条件。第三部分从微观视角分析了乡绅阶层在转变农业经营方式的过程中扮演的先锋角色,包括引进新作物和改良畜牧业、推动农业技术革新、依靠雇佣劳动经营、以及注重农业市场化经营具体形式。第四部分梳理了乡绅阶层对英国农业经营方式革新的意义：促进了英国向资本主义农业经营方式转变；推动了英国农业革命的进程；并且践行了“人生而平等”和“追求现世幸福”等人文主义精神。
[Abstract]:The 16-18 th century was the key period for Britain to transform from agricultural society to industrial society. During this period, the squire class continued to grow, in order to pursue the maximum of profits, they took the lead in agriculture to adopt the capitalist management mode, which promoted the development and modernization of British capitalism. This paper mainly discusses the innovation of British agricultural management in 16-18 th century by squire class from four parts. The first part briefly describes the concept of the British squire class, the definition of standards and sources. It is concluded that the squire is the middle class between the aristocrats and Yoman on the scale of real estate, and its status lies between the feudal landlords and the modern bourgeoisie, and is a developing agricultural bourgeoisie. Although some squire still retain the traditional agricultural management mode, but its mainstream, already has the obvious capitalist nature. The second part analyzes the basis of the squire's innovation in agricultural management: economically, the auctioneering of teaching property and the early enclosure movement made the squire the largest class occupying the real estate. Politically, the squire holds the important position in the central government. He became the chief bearer of the magistrates, and his power in the lower house increased, which led to the "invasion of parliament" by the squire. Culturally, the number of members of the squire class receiving university education gradually increased. It promotes the ratio of higher education to the members of the government and the law department, which makes it possible to be a pioneer in the reform of agricultural management in the United Kingdom. The third part analyzes the vanguard role played by the squire in the process of changing the mode of agricultural management from the micro perspective, including introducing new crops and improving animal husbandry, promoting agricultural technological innovation, and relying on wage labor management. As well as focus on the specific form of agricultural market-oriented management. The fourth part combs the meaning of the squire class to the innovation of the British agricultural management mode: promotes the British to the capitalist agricultural management mode transformation, has promoted the British agricultural revolution process; And has practiced the humanism spirit such as "the life is equal" and "pursues the present world happiness" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K561.4

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