叙利亚阿拉伯复兴党军事委员会研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 09:09

本文选题：军人干政 + 少数族群　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：叙利亚阿拉伯复兴党军事委员会成立于埃及和叙利亚合并时期的1959年,解散于阿萨德时期的1970年。它原是一些驻埃及的叙利亚复兴党军官自发组织的军人政治团体,后演变成叙利亚事实上的最高决策机构。军事委员会是叙利亚军人势力和复兴党相互渗透和结合的产物,也深受叙利亚阶层冲突、地域差异和族群对立等传统国内政治因素的影响。而冷战时期美国和苏联对中东地区的争夺以及埃及纳赛尔政权的崛起使得叙利亚的外部环境有了新的变化。军事委员会通过军事政变在1963年参政,后通过政治清洗在1966年全面执政,实现了对政府、军队和复兴党的控制。它在政治经济上的实践对这一时期叙利亚诸多方面产生了重要影响。一是初步建立起党政军三权合一的高度权力集中的政治体制。二是改造复兴党,建立起以复兴党为政治框架,以军事力量为政治保障的统治模式。三是进行土地改革和工商业国有化,实现了国家权力对经济的掌控。四是在外交上奉行偏左路线,导致与周边国家关系紧张,恶化了叙利亚的国际生存环境。六五战争后叙利亚所面临的困境使得军事委员会内部在政策方向上发生分歧,而各成员日益增长的权力也加剧了内部的分裂。最终以阿萨德为代表的温和派取代了以贾迪德为首的激进派。阿萨德上台后继承并改进了军事委员会时期的政治体制和统治模式,强化了个人权力。叙利亚进入到阿萨德威权统治时代。
[Abstract]:The Syrian Arab Socialist Military Commission was founded in 1959 in the combined period of Egypt and Syria , dissolved in 1970 in the period of Assad . It was originally a military political group organized by a number of military personnel stationed in Egypt and converted into a de facto highest decision - making body in Syria . The military council , which is the product of the infiltration and integration of Syrian military forces and the Baath Party , is also deeply influenced by traditional domestic political factors , such as the conflict in Syria , regional differences and ethnic opposition . And the rise of the U.S . and Soviet Union in the Middle East and the rise of the Egyptian Nasser regime have made a new change in the external environment in Syria .

After the military coup in 1963 , the military commission has been in power in 1963 , and has achieved the control of the government , the army and the Baath Party in 1966 through political cleansing .

The plight of Syria after the sixty - five war has led to divisions in the policy direction of the military commission , and the growing powers of the members have also heightened internal divisions . The moderates , represented by Mr . Assad , have replaced Mr . Jadi ' s first radical faction . Mr . Assad inherited and improved the political system and governance model of the military commission during the military commission and strengthened his personal power . Syria entered the era of authoritarian rule of Assad .
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K37

【共引文献】