越南南河阮氏政权海外贸易研究（1600-1774）

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:24

本文选题：越南 + 南河　；参考：《厦门大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 越南南河阮氏政权是越南历史上一个特殊的地方割据政权。阮氏政权在南河建立了有效统治后,在大力发展社会生产的同时,充分利用其时东南亚海上贸易勃兴和中日不能直接贸易的有利时机,依托南河丰富的物产和南河位于东南亚与东北亚贸易网络交结处的有利地理位置,制定和实施了一系列有利于海外贸易发展的政策措施,用以吸引海外各国商人到南河贸易,为南河海外贸易的发展奠定了良好的物质和政策基础。南河人不擅出洋贸易,南河海外贸易的具体操作者主要是华商和日商,其中日商是南河海外贸易初期最重要的参与者,而华商则是南河海外贸易的全程主导者,南河大部分的海外贸易都是由华商来完成的。葡商、荷商、英商和法商等西方商人,以及一些东南亚国家商人也在不同程度上参与了南河海外贸易,尽管他们参与的程度不深,对南河海外贸易的进程影响不是很大,但他们的参与让南河海外贸易的范围更加广泛,内容也更加全面。南河在海外贸易发展过程中,逐步建立起了较为完备的海外贸易管理机构、征税体系以及海难船救助制度,这些机构和制度的建立让阮氏对南河海外贸易的管理更加制度化和规范化。但由于阮氏是南河海外贸易管理机构中的最高决策者,可以根据对外政策的需要和个人的喜好而调整税收标准和管理方式,故南河海外贸易管理制度在具体实施过程中又具有一定的灵活性,这种规范化基础上的灵活性,对南河海外贸易的主导商人华商具有很大的吸引力。南河海外贸易商品包括出口商品、进口商品和转口商品,交易方式有会安交易会式的自由买卖、阮氏的专买专卖、外商到生产地购买、向生产者订货和买办买卖等,这些丰富的贸易商品、多样化的交易方式为海外贸易商人带来了50-100%甚至更高的利润,而较高的利润正是吸引外商到南河贸易的重要原因。华商在南河内部获得了阮氏在入境、经济和文化政策等方面的优待,在南河之外又拥有良好的海上贸易网络,在南河海外贸易中拥有其他商人无法比拟的优势,因而成为了南河海外贸易最重要的操作者和不可或缺的推动者和管理者。正是因为有华商的积极参与,南河海外贸易才得以不断发展并走向鼎盛。南河海外贸易让南河与外界的政治、经济、文化交往得以扩大,在为阮氏政权带来巨额财富和国际认可的同时,也推动了南河商品经济的发展,带动了南河物质文化、制度文化和精神文化的发展,不仅为阮氏政权的巩固和发展做出了重要贡献,也为南河社会的全面发展注入了活力。正因为南河阮氏政权实施了开放的海外贸易政策,以规范又不失灵活性的管理和较高的利润吸引了大量外国海商—尤其是华商的积极参与,南河海外贸易才得以不断发展并达到了越南古代海外贸易的顶峰。
[Abstract]:The Nguyen Nguyen regime in Vietnam is a special place in the history of Vietnam. After the Ruan regime established its effective rule over the South River, while vigorously developing social production, it made full use of the favorable time when maritime trade in Southeast Asia flourished and there was no direct trade between China and Japan. Relying on the abundant products of the South River and the favorable geographical position of the South River at the junction between Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia, a series of policies and measures conducive to the development of overseas trade have been formulated and implemented to attract businessmen from overseas countries to trade in the South River. It has laid a good material and policy foundation for the development of Nanhe overseas trade. Nanhe people are not good at foreign trade. The specific operators of the South River overseas trade are mainly Chinese businessmen and Japanese businessmen. Among them, Japanese businessmen are the most important participants in the initial stage of the South River overseas trade, and Chinese businessmen are the masters of the whole process of the Nanhe overseas trade. Most of the South River's overseas trade is done by Chinese businessmen. Western businessmen, such as Portuguese, Dutch, British and French businessmen, as well as businessmen from some Southeast Asian countries, have also participated in the South River overseas trade to varying degrees. Although their participation is not deep, the impact on the process of South River overseas trade is not very great. But their involvement has made South River's overseas trade more extensive and comprehensive. In the course of the development of overseas trade, Nanhe gradually established a relatively complete overseas trade management agency, a taxation system and a rescue system for shipwrecked ships. The establishment of these institutions and institutions has made Nguyen's management of Nanhe's overseas trade more institutionalized and standardized. However, as Ruan is the highest decision-maker in the Nanhe overseas trade administration, he can adjust the tax standards and management methods according to the needs of foreign policy and personal preferences. Therefore, Nanhe overseas trade management system has certain flexibility in the concrete implementation process, this kind of flexibility on the basis of standardization has great attraction to the leading businessman of Nanhe overseas trade. Nanhe's overseas trade commodities include export commodities, import commodities and entrepot commodities. There are free trade in the form of fair and trade fairs, Ruan's exclusive buying and monopoly, foreign businessmen buying from places of production, ordering and comprador buying from producers, etc. These rich trade commodities and diversified trading methods have brought 50-100% or higher profits to overseas traders, and higher profits are the important reasons for attracting foreign trade to the South River. Chinese businessmen have received preferential treatment from Ruan's entry, economic and cultural policies inside the Nanhe River. They also have a good maritime trade network outside the Nanhe River, and have advantages that no other businessman can compare with in the South River's overseas trade. As a result, it became the most important operator and indispensable promoter and manager of South River overseas trade. It was because of the active participation of Chinese businessmen that Nanhe overseas trade continued to develop and flourish. Nanhe's overseas trade has expanded the political, economic, and cultural exchanges between Nanhe and the outside world. While bringing enormous wealth and international recognition to the Ruan regime, it has also promoted the development of the South River's commodity economy and led to the Nanhe material culture. The development of institutional culture and spiritual culture not only contributed to the consolidation and development of Ruan's regime, but also injected vitality into the overall development of Nanhe society. It is precisely because of the Nanghe Ruan regime's open overseas trade policy that it has attracted a large number of foreign maritime businessmen-especially Chinese businessmen-to participate actively in the process of regulating and managing without losing flexibility and making relatively high profits. South River overseas trade developed and reached the peak of Vietnam's ancient overseas trade.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K333;F753.33

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