20世纪70、80年代美国的能源外交

发布时间：2018-06-19 06:39

本文选题：能源危机 + 美国　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 石油作为一种战略资源,现代工业社会的“血液”,其安全供应关系着国计民生和国家安全,也成为了国际政治和外交的重要内容。世界上许多主要的能源消费国都依赖进口能源,这些国家的能源安全受制于国际能源市场的形势。于是随着西方世界对石油的日渐依赖,各国对石油资源的争夺也越来越激烈。为了避免不利的无序竞争,以及保障各国自身的能源安全,许多国家都将能源问题列入国家经济安全以及国家安全战略,积极在国际上进行多边的能源外交。美国作为二战后崛起的超级大国,同时也是世界上最大的石油消费国和石油进口国,对国际石油市场具有举足轻重的地位。这一国家实行的石油政策和能源外交都深刻的影响着世界石油格局的发展。特别是20世纪70、80年代两次能源危机期间,美国石油政策的转变和在中东及其他石油资源丰富地区展开的能源外交,对世界政治和经济格局都产生了深远的影响。因此这一时期的美国能源外交也成为中外学者重点研究的课题。本文在掌握参考大量中、英文资料的基础上,以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,运用史学和国际关系学的相关理论,详细阐述了20世纪70、80年代美国能源外交的动因、实施过程、影响、特点及制约因素。试图从地缘政治、国际政治和经济等方面分析20世纪70、80年代的美国能源外交,客观阐述了在这一特殊时期美国的能源政策的调整以及这种调整在能源外交中具体实施中的表现,进一步揭示了这一时期美国能源外交的影响、特点和制约因素。本文分为三部分: 第一部分,阐述了20世纪70、80年代美国能源外交实施的动因。对20世纪70、80年代的国际和国内政治、经济形势进行了剖析,介绍了这一时期美国能源外交的背景以及面对危机美国所制定的各种能源政策。第二部分,论述了20世纪70、80年代美国能源外交的具体实施过程。分别阐述了美国对中东、欧洲、美洲和主要国际石油组织的能源外交。由于各个地区不同的战略地位,美国对它们也采取了截然不同的能源外交。第三部分,评20世纪70、80年代的美国能源外交。主要从这一时期美国能源外交的影响、特点和制约因素总结了美国的能源外交,其中影响主要包括这一时期美国能源外交对国际和国内政治、经济格局的影响,制约因素包括这一时期美国能源外交所面临的困难和挑战。
[Abstract]:As a kind of strategic resource, oil is the "blood" of modern industrial society, its safe supply is related to national economy and people's livelihood and national security, and has also become an important content of international politics and diplomacy. Many of the world's major energy consumers rely on imported energy, and their energy security is constrained by the international energy market. Therefore, with the increasing dependence of the western world on oil, the competition for oil resources is becoming more and more fierce. In order to avoid unfavorable disorderly competition and ensure the energy security of each country, many countries have included energy issues in their national economic security and national security strategies, and actively engaged in multilateral energy diplomacy in the international arena. As a superpower rising after World War II, the United States is also the largest oil consumer and importer in the world, which plays an important role in the international oil market. The oil policy and energy diplomacy of this country have a profound impact on the development of the world oil pattern. Especially during the two energy crises in the 1970s and 1980s, the change of American petroleum policy and the energy diplomacy in the Middle East and other oil-rich regions have had a profound impact on the world political and economic pattern. Therefore, American energy diplomacy in this period has also become a key research topic for Chinese and foreign scholars. On the basis of mastering a large number of reference materials in English and under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism and using the relevant theories of historiography and international relations, this paper expounds in detail the causes and implementation process of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980s. Influence, characteristics and restrictive factors. This paper attempts to analyze the American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980s from the aspects of geopolitics, international politics and economy, and objectively expounds the adjustment of the US energy policy in this special period and its concrete implementation in the energy diplomacy. It further reveals the influence, characteristics and restrictive factors of American energy diplomacy in this period. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part expounds the causes of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980 s. This paper analyzes the international and domestic political and economic situation in the 1970s and 1980s, and introduces the background of American energy diplomacy in this period and the various energy policies formulated by the United States in the face of crisis. The second part discusses the implementation process of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980 s. The energy diplomacy of the United States to the Middle East, Europe, the Americas and major international oil organizations is expounded respectively. Because of their different strategic positions, the United States has also adopted a very different approach to energy diplomacy. The third part reviews American energy diplomacy in the 1970 s and 1980 s. The influence, characteristics and restrictive factors of American energy diplomacy during this period are summarized, including the influence of American energy diplomacy on the international and domestic political and economic patterns during this period. Constraints include the difficulties and challenges faced by American energy diplomacy during this period.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712.5

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