论捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的建立和分裂

发布时间：2018-06-23 06:53

本文选题：捷克斯洛伐克 + 民族阵线政府　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的建立和分裂为我们理解后来的布拉格之春,甚至为我们理解东欧剧变提供了一条有益的线索。了解这一段历史有着重要的意义。本文在国内外对捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的研究的基础上,结合自己掌握大量资料,试图对1945年-1948年捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的建立和分裂进行一番阐释。本文分为前言、正文、结语三个部分。前言主要介绍了选题的意义和国内外研究的现状。正文分为三章。第一章主要论述了捷克斯洛伐克反德民族阵线的形成。在捷克斯洛伐克反德民族阵线的形成中,苏联起了非常重要的作用。苏德战争爆发后,苏联与捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府的关系得到改善,并在1943年底签订了《苏捷友好互助和战后合作条约》。苏联与捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府关系的改善为捷共和非共产党关系的改善奠定了基础。苏德战争爆发后,在捷克斯洛伐克,共产党和非共产党迅速改善了关系,形成了反德民族阵线,而反德民族阵线是战后建立的民族阵线政府的萌芽。反德民族阵线建立后,双方在斯洛伐克民族起义的问题上有一定程度上的合作,但在捷克斯洛伐克由苏联红军还是由美英军队解放、捷苏关于外喀尔巴阡乌克兰协定等问题上出现分歧。这为后来民族阵线政府的分裂埋下了伏笔。第二章论述了捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的建立。二战后,在捷克斯洛伐克共产党和非共产党战时合作的基础上,以及受苏联东欧政策的影响,捷克斯洛伐克建立了民族阵线政府,并且颁布了科希策纲领。捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府内部在以下几个问题上存在着分歧和矛盾:1、苏美军队何时撤军;2、如何处理捷克斯洛伐克国内各党派的关系:3、如何处理捷克斯洛伐克中央政府和斯洛伐克地方政府之间的关系。第三章主要论述了捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的分裂。捷共在1946年的大选中获得大胜,从而在国家内外政策的制定上能够发挥更大的作用。而非共产党在1946年选举后,更积极地与捷共争夺在国内的政治影响,使双方的矛盾不断尖锐化。在美苏对抗不断加剧及意共和法共被赶出政府的国际背景下,资产阶级政党联合起来,企图通过制造政府危机,迫使捷克斯洛伐克共产党的部长们在大选前辞职,由贝奈斯任命一个不包括共产党人的看守政府。但是捷共在人民的支持下,反而促使贝奈斯总统批准了资产阶级政党的部长们的辞职。二月事件后,捷克斯洛伐克共产党完全掌握了国家政权。结语部分主要论述了捷克斯洛伐克民族阵线政府的建立和分裂这一过程在捷克斯洛伐克历史上所产生的影响。
[Abstract]:The establishment and division of the Czechoslovak National Front government provided a useful clue to our understanding of the Prague Spring and even the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe. It is of great significance to understand this period of history. Based on the research of Czechoslovak National Front government at home and abroad, this paper tries to explain the establishment and division of Czechoslovak National Front government from 1945 to 1948. This paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly introduces the significance of the topic and the current situation of domestic and foreign research. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the formation of Czechoslovak anti-German National Front. The Soviet Union played a very important role in the formation of the Czechoslovak anti-German National Front. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia's exiled government improved their relations and signed the Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and postwar Cooperation between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia at the end of 1943. The improvement of the relations between Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia in exile laid the foundation for the improvement of relations between Czech Republic and non-Communist Party. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, in Czechoslovakia, the Communists and non-Communists rapidly improved their relations and formed the Anti-German National Front, which was the seed of the national front government established after the war. After the establishment of the Anti-German National Front, the two sides cooperated to a certain extent on the issue of the ethnic uprising in Slovakia. But in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Red Army or the US and British troops liberated it. Czesu on the outer Carpathian Ukraine agreement and other issues on the issue of disagreement. This laid the groundwork for the subsequent split of the National Front Government. The second chapter discusses the establishment of Czechoslovak National Front government. After World War II, Czechoslovakia established the National Front government and promulgated Kochitzer program on the basis of wartime cooperation between the Czechoslovak Communist Party and the non-Communist Party, and influenced by the Soviet Union's Eastern European policy. Within the government of the Czechoslovak National Front, there are differences and contradictions on the following issues: 1. When will the Soviet-US troops withdraw, how to handle the relations between the various parties in Czechoslovakia: 3, and how to deal with the Sino-Czechoslovak relations The relationship between the central government and the Slovak local government. The third chapter mainly discusses the division of Czechoslovak National Front government. The CPZ won the general election in 1946, thus playing a greater role in the formulation of domestic and foreign policies. After the 1946 elections, the Communist Party fought more actively for political influence in the country, which sharpened the conflict between the two sides. In the international context of the growing confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and the expulsion of the Italian, Republican, French and Communist Party from the government, bourgeois political parties United in an attempt to force the ministers of the Czechoslovak Communist Party to resign before the election by creating a government crisis. Benes appointed a caretaker government that did not include communists. But with the support of the people, President Benes approved the resignation of ministers of bourgeois parties. After the February incident, the Czechoslovak Communist Party took full control of the state. The conclusion mainly discusses the influence of the establishment and division of the Czechoslovak National Front on Czechoslovakia's history.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K514

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