德尔斐神谕与古希腊城邦

发布时间：2018-06-28 17:25

本文选题：德尔斐神托所 + 德尔斐神谕　；参考：《复旦大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 在古希腊历史上，德尔斐是泛希腊世界的精神中心。每当古希腊人遇到问题的时候，他们都会到德尔斐去寻求解决之道。阿波罗在德尔斐神托所通过皮西亚为个人、城邦以及宗教事务提供指导，这些指导受到了那些拜访神托所的人的重视。除了对个人事务给予指导之外，德尔斐神谕在三个领域与古希腊诸城邦联系紧密：殖民、政治生活、战争。本文正是立足于这三大领域，以古典文献和考古资料为基础，以期探究德尔斐神谕与古希腊城邦之间的关系。全文共五章。第一章：德尔斐神托所(神谕)的起源。本章主要介绍了德尔斐神托所的起源以及神托所中蕴含的宗教元素。公元前8世纪之前，阿波罗取代德尔斐地区原有的大地女神，成为德尔斐信仰和崇拜的主体。但大地女神崇拜仍然对德尔斐产生一定影响。此外，本章还探究了德尔斐神托所、多铎纳神托所、阿蒙神庙这三大预言中心的之间关系，以及阿波罗的其他“地方性”神托所，以确定德尔斐神托所所处的外围环境。第二章：德尔斐神托所的组织形式。本章主要对请求神谕的时间、形式，所需程序，以及女祭司皮西亚做详细介绍。最初，德尔斐神托所只在比西欧斯月的第七天发布神谕。到德尔斐神托所发展的鼎盛之时，除了冬季阿波罗离开德尔斐的三个月之外，，每个月的第七天皮西亚都会发布正规的神谕。除了正规的神谕之外，皮西亚还通过“签谕”的形式向问询者昭示未来。而且，皮西亚发布神谕之时要遵循特定的程序。第三章：德尔斐神谕与殖民运动。出去寻找殖民地之前，希腊人都会到德尔斐去咨询。神谕会指导他们去哪里建立殖民地，在什么季节建立殖民地最为合适。本章依据神谕的内容，将德尔斐给予殖民地建立者的神谕分为：直接殖民神谕、间接殖民神谕。还特别提到了，特殊的“十一税”殖民与德尔斐神谕对殖民地宗教的影响。建立殖民地并非个人行为，而是城邦的外部行为。对建立殖民地的指导是德尔斐神谕对城邦外部活动的重要影响之一。第四章：德尔斐神谕与政治生活。古希腊的政治生活是我们研究古希腊历史之时不可忽略的重要部分。德尔斐神谕积极地参与到各城邦的政治生活中，且由于各个城邦的政治生活各有不同，德尔斐神谕对城邦的影响亦有不同。本章分别从僭主政治、斯巴达的政治生活、雅典的政治生活、昔兰尼的政治生活这四个方面阐述德尔斐神谕对于城邦内部政治生活的影响。第五章：德尔斐神谕与战争。古希腊的历史上，各城邦之间大小战事不断。本章着重讨论德尔斐神谕对城邦战争的影响，这是德尔斐神谕对城邦外部活动的另一个重要影响。与此同时，德尔斐也因其精神地位与财富而被卷入其中，此中体现出诸城邦对德尔斐神托所的影响。结论：德尔斐神谕对城邦的影响。本章归纳总结了德尔斐神谕对古希腊城邦的内部、外部影响，并指出诸城邦对德尔斐神托所和神谕产生的反作用。
[Abstract]:In the history of ancient Greece , Delphi is the spiritual center of the Pan - Greek world . Every time the ancient Greeks encounter problems , they will go to Delphi to seek a solution . In addition to giving guidance to personal matters , the Guiding Principles are closely linked to ancient Greek cities in three areas : colonial , political life and war . This article is based on the three major areas , based on classical literature and archaeological data , with a view to exploring the relationship between the oracle of Delphi and the ancient Greek city .

Chapter One : The origin of Deerfeld ' s God - to - God . This chapter mainly introduces the origin of Delphi and the religious elements contained in God ' s support . Before the 8th century BC , Apollo took the place of the original land goddess in Delphi and became the subject of Delphi ' s belief and worship .

Chapter II : The form of the organization of Delphi God . This chapter introduces the time , form , procedure of the request , and the priesthood , Pisia . At the time of the day of the development of the Deerfeld God , the seventh day of the month , Mr . Delphi , released a formal oracle . In addition to the formal oracle , Mr . Pian informed the inquirer in the form of an " encyclical " in the future . And , in addition to the formal oracle , Mr . Pisiah would follow a specific procedure in order to release the oracle .

Chapter III : Delphi ' s oracle and colonial movement . The Greeks will go to Delphi to consult before they go out for a colony . The oracles guide them where to establish a colony and to establish a colony in any season . In particular , this chapter describes the influence of colonial and indirect colonial powers on colonial religions . The establishment of a colony is not a personal act , but an external act of the city state . The guidance on the establishment of a colony is one of the important influences of the Order of Delphi on the outside activities of the city state .

The fourth chapter : Delphi ' s oracle and political life . The political life of ancient Greece is an important part of our study of the history of ancient Greece .

Chapter 5 : Delphic oracle and war . In the history of ancient Greece , there was a constant fighting between cities and states . This chapter focuses on the influence of the oracle of Delphi on the war in the city and states , which is another important influence of the oracle of Delphi on the outside activities of the city state . At the same time , Delphi also has been involved in the spiritual status and wealth , which reflects the influence of the city states on Delphi God .

This chapter summarizes the internal and external influences of Deerfeld ' s oracle on the ancient Greek city states , and points out the reaction of the city states to Delphi God and the oracle .
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K125

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