林肯与道格拉斯大辩论研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 01:06

本文选题：黑人奴隶制问题 + 亚伯拉罕·林肯　；参考：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国建立后,奴隶制问题残存下来。随着美国的不断发展,奴隶制问题越来越成为影响美国统一与稳定的重大问题。南方种植园奴隶主集团和北方资产阶级势力围绕奴隶制是否应该存在下去展开了一系列的斗争。在19世纪50年代之前,南北双方就奴隶制问题达成了一系列的妥协,如密苏里妥协案和1850年妥协案等等,以至于没有因奴隶制问题而导致联邦分裂。到19世纪50年代,由于奴隶制的不断扩张,南北方势力均衡的局面逐渐被打破,南北双方的矛盾日渐激化,奴隶制问题是南北双方发生矛盾的最关键因素,妥协方式再也无法让矛盾双方平静下来,因奴隶制问题而生的辩论和斗争明显增多并且尖锐化,林肯与道格拉斯大辩论就是在这种背景下开始的。1858年秋季,林肯和道格拉斯在伊利诺伊州的七个地点就奴隶制问题进行了一场大辩论,这场大辩论的直接起因是林肯与道格拉斯参议员竞选之争。辩论过程中,林肯主张应将奴隶制问题放在建国先贤原先放置它的地方——逐渐消亡的过程中,而道格拉斯则主张美国应该保存半奴隶制、半自由的现有状态。林肯与道格拉斯就当时南北方普遍关注的一系列政治事件进行了探讨和交流,比如:密苏里妥协案、1850年妥协案、堪萨斯—内布拉斯加法案、德雷德·斯科特判决案等。此外,他们还就大辩论前两人在不同的演说中所发表的观点进行了再思考,比如林肯的皮奥里亚演说、林肯的“裂屋”演说和道格拉斯的芝加哥演说等。所有这些演说的内容构成两人在大辩论时所持的主要观点。林肯在大辩论所持的主要观点是维护联邦统一和民主,道格拉斯所持的主要观点是“人民主权论”。因为辩论双方所讨论的是当时全国最关心的奴隶制问题,所以这场大辩论牵动着每个人的心,包括自由人和黑人奴隶。毋庸置疑,林肯和道格拉斯都是美国历史上最著名的演说家,他们在大辩论中的精彩演讲为大辩论本身增色不少。更重要的是,辩论双方所谈及的主要问题是国家最重大的政治问题——奴隶制问题,国家对于奴隶制问题的不同解决方式将影响着国家的统一与分裂、发展与退步,这就使林肯道格拉斯大辩论成为美国历史上最著名的辩论之一,既具有其政治意义,也具有其历史意义。尽管最终道格拉斯竞选参议员成功,但此次大辩论使林肯声名远播,由原来一个小有名气的演说家变为举国闻名的政治人物,客观上为林肯赢得1860年总统大选做了铺垫。本文主要从大辩论的背景、过程、林肯与道格拉斯在大辩论时所持的主要观点以及大辩论的影响等几个方面进行研究,力求对美国历史上这一重大历史事件给予完整、透彻的分析。
[Abstract]:Slavery survived after the founding of the United States. With the continuous development of the United States, slavery has become an important issue affecting the unity and stability of the United States. South plantation slave owners and northern bourgeoisie forces over whether slavery should exist or not a series of struggles. Before the 1850s, the North and the South reached a series of compromises on slavery, such as the Missouri compromise and the 1850 compromise, so that the Union was not divided by slavery. By the 1850s, due to the continuous expansion of slavery, the balance of power between the North and the South was gradually broken, and the contradictions between the North and the South were increasingly intensified. The issue of slavery was the most critical factor in the conflict between the North and the South. The compromise could no longer calm the two sides of the conflict. The debate and struggle over slavery had increased and sharpened, and it was against that background that the Lincoln and Douglas debate began in the autumn of 1858. Lincoln and Douglas had a big debate on slavery in seven locations in Illinois, a debate that was the direct result of Lincoln's race for Senator Douglas. During the debate, Lincoln argued that slavery should be placed in the place where the founding fathers had laid it-dying out, while Douglas argued that the United States should preserve the present state of semi-slavery and semi-freedom. Lincoln and Douglas discussed and exchanged views on a series of political issues of general concern to the North and the South, such as the Missouri compromise, the 1850 compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott judgment, and so on. In addition, they reconsidered the views they had made in different speeches before the debate, such as Lincoln's Peoria speech, Lincoln's crack House speech and Douglas's Chicago speech. The contents of all these speeches formed the main point of view of the two men in the big debate. Lincoln's main point of view in the great debate was the preservation of federal unity and democracy, and Douglas's main view was "the theory of people's sovereignty." Because the debate was about slavery, which was of the greatest concern to the nation at the time, the debate touched the hearts of everyone, including free men and black slaves. There is no doubt that Lincoln and Douglas are among the most famous speakers in American history, and their excellent speeches in the Great debate add to the debate itself. More importantly, the main issue discussed by the two sides of the debate is the most important political issue of the country, slavery, the different ways in which the question of slavery is resolved by the State will affect the unity and division, development and retrogression of the country, This makes the Lincoln Douglas debate one of the most famous debates in American history, with both political and historical significance. Although Douglas eventually ran for the Senate, the debate made Lincoln famous, from a small orator to a national famous politician, which objectively paved the way for Lincoln's victory in the 1860 presidential election. In this paper, the background and process of the great debate, the main viewpoints held by Lincoln and Douglas in the great debate, and the influence of the great debate are studied in order to complete this important historical event in the history of the United States. A thorough analysis
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.4

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