论地方主义在美国立国进程中的作用

发布时间：2018-07-04 19:26

本文选题：地方主义 + 美国革命　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：地方主义在美国革命时期一直扮演着一个不光彩的角色，建国一代政治精英和后世学者对它的危害性多有论述。然而，地方主义在美国立国进程中并非全是负面效应，也有维护国家利益的一面，否则就无法解释在充满缺陷的邦联制下，弱势的邦联政府领导美国赢得独立战争的胜利这一历史事实。地方主义对于单个共同体而言无疑是正面的，当其走向外部，参与到国家构建中时，由于缺乏合理的政体设计，其消极作用就被无限放大。对此，本文利用革命时期的大量的原始文献、学者的相关著述，运用历史学的研究视角，，综合其它学科的研究方法，对地方主义在美国立国进程中的作用做一历史考察。全文由引言、四章正文和结语三部分组成。引言部分介绍了选题缘由，地方主义的定义、研究意义、创新与不足，同时对中外学者的相关研究做了一个概要的评述；第一章回顾了北美地方主义的英国起源，着重探讨了地方主义在北美殖民地的孕育与发展，分析了地方主义对各殖民地之间关系的影响；第二章考察了革命初期省区大会对革命进程的影响，研究了各邦国的宪法观、立宪权力的辩论、立宪方式及共和政体的确立，并分析了各邦宪法对公民权利的保障及所出现的议会结构的变化；第三章考察了邦联体制的确立过程，分析了地方主义对邦联国会与各邦解决西部土地问题的影响，探讨了战争时期各邦对大陆军的贡献、存在的问题及寻求增加邦联权力的努力；第四章分析了战争时期的财政及战后的债务状况，考察了地方主义在邦联国会寻求征税权和管理对外贸易权力失败的影响，阐述了制宪会议中地方主义对国会代表权和关于黑人的五分之三条款问题的辩论的影响，并通过对联邦政府与州政府权力重新界定的研究，分析了联邦制下地方主义与国家利益的融合；结语部分对地方主义在美国的立国进程的作用进行简要总结，分析了地方主义形成的政治、经济和社会基础，探讨了地方主义的双重作用与邦联制、联邦制的关系，并考察了地域主义与内战的内在逻辑关系。
[Abstract]:Regionalism has always played a disgraceful role during the American Revolution, and the political elite of the founding generation and scholars of later generations have discussed its harmfulness. However, regionalism is not entirely a negative effect in the process of American statehood, and it also has a side to safeguard the national interests, otherwise it cannot be explained under the flawed Confederacy system. The historical fact that the weak Confederate government led the United States to victory in the War of Independence. Localism is undoubtedly positive for a single community. When it goes outside and participates in the construction of a country, its negative role is magnified indefinitely because of the lack of reasonable political system design. In view of this, this paper makes a historical study of the role of localism in the process of the founding of the United States by using a large number of original literature during the revolutionary period, relevant works of scholars, and the perspective of history, and synthesizing the research methods of other disciplines. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, four chapters text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reason of choosing the topic, the definition of localism, the significance of the research, innovation and deficiency, and makes a brief comment on the related research of Chinese and foreign scholars. Chapter one reviews the British origin of North American localism. This paper focuses on the gestation and development of localism in the colonies of North America, and analyzes the influence of localism on the relations among the colonies. Chapter two examines the influence of the provincial and district congresses on the process of revolution in the early revolutionary period. This paper studies the constitutional concept of the states, the debate of the constitutional power, the way of constitutionalism and the establishment of the Republican polity, and analyzes the protection of the civil rights and the changes of the parliamentary structure in the constitutions of the states. The third chapter examines the process of establishing the confederation system, analyzes the influence of localism on the Confederate Congress and states to solve the land problem in the west, and probes into the contributions of the states to the mainland army during the war. Chapter four analyzes the fiscal and post-war debt situation during the war, examines the influence of localism on the failure of the Confederate Congress to seek tax power and manage foreign trade power. Elaborated on the influence of regionalism in the Constituent Assembly on the debate on congressional representation and on the issue of section 3/5 on blacks, and adopted a study of the redefinition of the powers of the federal and state governments, It analyzes the fusion of localism and national interests under the federal system, the conclusion part briefly summarizes the role of localism in the process of statehood in the United States, and analyzes the political, economic and social basis of the formation of localism. This paper probes into the relationship between the dual function of localism and confederation and federalism, and the internal logical relationship between regionalism and civil war.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K712

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