教区、收费信托与近代英国道路治理体系变革

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:41

本文选题：英国 + 教区　；参考：《历史研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：自16世纪始,教区成为英国道路治理体系的基层组织。17世纪英国商品经济日趋活跃,陆路运输愈益专业化,引发了交通困局。17世纪下半叶,议会立法力图强化教区制,但无法解决道路通行的外部性问题和资金瓶颈问题,困局并未缓解。从17世纪末开始,经议会授权的收费信托成为道路治理体系的另一主体。收费信托解决了旧治理体系下用路者与维护者分离的矛盾,在确保公共道路通行自由权和公共所有权的前提下,实现了道路的有效维护和监管,同时扩大了维护资金的融资渠道,实现利益的均衡增长,为交通繁忙路段的维护、建设和改进提供了有效途径。近代英国的道路治理是地方治理的重要内容,并始终受议会监管。
[Abstract]:Since the 16th century, the diocese has become the basic organization of the road governance system in England. In the 17th century, the commodity economy of England became more and more active, and the land transportation became more and more specialized, which caused the traffic difficulties in the second half of the 17th century. Parliamentary legislation tried to strengthen the parish system. However, the problem of externality and capital bottleneck can not be solved, and the predicament has not been alleviated. Since the end of the 17 th century, fee-charging trusts authorized by Parliament have become another subject of road governance system. Fee-charging trust resolves the contradiction between road users and maintainers under the old governance system, and realizes the effective maintenance and supervision of roads under the premise of ensuring the right to freedom of movement and public ownership of public roads. At the same time, it expands the financing channel of the maintenance fund, realizes the balanced growth of the benefit, and provides an effective way for the maintenance, construction and improvement of the busy section of the traffic. The road governance in modern England is an important part of local governance and has always been supervised by Parliament.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;武汉大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“近代英国交通治理研究(1500—1830)”(项目编号14BSS023) 博士后面上资助项目“前工业时代英国交通演进研究”(项目编号2012M521457)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K561.33

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