冷战结束后美国的台湾利益集团对中美关系的影响

发布时间：2018-07-09 10:08

本文选题：台湾利益集团 + 中美关系　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后，利益集团政治在美国外交决策领域的影响逐渐彰显，其中台湾利益集团在美国外交政治中扮演了重要角色，给中美关系带来了严重影响。本文对冷战结束后美国外交政策的特点，美国利益集团政治的影响进行了分析，特别是对台湾利益集团的构成及其在美外交政策领域施加的影响进行了重点论述。冷战后，美国国会与总统在外交方面的争权愈演愈烈。国会通过手中掌握的拨款权、人事任免权、监督听证权等权力深度介入外交事务，并与利益集团结成联盟，国会成为利益集团最主要的“发声管”。台湾利益集团自出现时起，就与国会关系密切，部分国会议员实际充当了台湾利益集团的代言人。台湾利益集团构成复杂，大体可分为“台湾系”和“本土系”两大类：台湾系是指台湾当局在美国的派出机构及其利益的代理人，由台湾当局支配或暗中指使，是集团的核心力量；本土系则是由于经济利益驱使或出自意识形态、政治利益和国家安全等方面的考虑而支持台湾的美国利益集团、个人或组织，他们属于外围成员，但作用不容低估。台湾利益集团活动目标主要是为台湾谋利益，比如争取台湾加入联合国等国际组织，谋求独立国家地位等。为此，台湾利益集团通过游说议员和行政官员、公关外交、感情投资、政治捐献等多种方式拉拢美国决策部门，离间中美关系，使90年代以来的中美关系出现跌宕起伏局面。冷战后，台湾利益集团推动了台湾领导人访美、美国对台军售、台湾入联等多个破坏海峡两岸和平与中美关系稳定的事件，造成海峡局势的持续紧张，不仅给中美关系带来诸多变数，也使中国和平解决台湾问题的努力困难重重。基于其对中美关系和海峡稳定造成的严重后果，本文最后提出必须对台湾利益集团施加给美国社会的影响加以“隔离”并予以修补。具体说来，加强对美国国会的工作力度，，改进工作方法——由原来的由上而下，重视美国上层而忽视美国民众的工作方法改为既重视中美上层社会的示范作用又充分发挥两国民间社会的联系纽带作用的上下结合的工作方法，充分发挥公共外交的作用，以此减少台湾利益集团等对中美关系的破坏，推动中美关系的健康稳定发展。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the influence of interest group politics in the diplomatic decision-making field of the United States gradually became obvious, in which the Taiwan interest group played an important role in American diplomatic politics, and brought serious influence to Sino-US relations. This paper analyzes the characteristics of American foreign policy after the end of the Cold War and the influence of American interest group politics, especially on the composition of Taiwan interest group and its influence in the field of American foreign policy. After the Cold War, the US Congress and the president in the diplomatic power increasingly fierce. Congress is deeply involved in foreign affairs through the power of appropriation, appointment and removal of personnel, supervision and hearing, and forms an alliance with interest groups. Congress becomes the main "vocal tube" of interest groups. Since the emergence of Taiwan interest groups, they have been closely related to Congress, and some members of Congress have actually acted as spokesmen for Taiwan interest groups. The composition of Taiwan's interest groups is complex and can be divided into two broad categories: "Taiwan" and "local": Taiwan refers to the Taiwan authorities' agencies in the United States and their agents for their interests, which are dictated or secretly directed by the Taiwan authorities. It is the core force of the group; the indigenous department, on the other hand, supports Taiwan's US interest groups, individuals or organizations because of economic interests or considerations of ideology, political interests and national security. They are members of the periphery. But the role should not be underestimated. The main goal of Taiwan interest groups is to work for Taiwan's interests, such as striving for Taiwan's membership in international organizations such as the United Nations and seeking the status of an independent state. For this reason, Taiwan interest groups through lobbying legislators and administrative officials, public relations diplomacy, emotional investment, political donations, and other ways to attract the United States decision-making departments, between China and the United States relations, so that Sino-US relations have ups and downs since the 1990s. After the Cold War, Taiwan interest groups promoted Taiwan leaders' visit to the United States, US arms sales to Taiwan, Taiwan's entry into the United States, and many other incidents that undermined cross-strait peace and stability in Sino-US relations, resulting in continued tension in the Taiwan Strait situation. It not only brings many variables to Sino-US relations, but also makes it difficult for China to resolve the Taiwan issue peacefully. Based on its serious consequences for Sino-US relations and the stability of the Taiwan Strait, this paper finally proposes that the influence exerted by Taiwan interest groups on American society must be "isolated" and repaired. Specifically, to strengthen our work on the United States Congress, to improve our working methods from the original top-down, Paying attention to the upper class of the United States and neglecting the working methods of the American people has been changed into a working method that attaches importance to both the exemplary role of the upper class society of China and the United States and gives full play to the linking role of civil society between the two countries, so as to give full play to the role of public diplomacy. In order to reduce Taiwan interest groups and other damage to Sino-US relations, promote the healthy and stable development of Sino-US relations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K153;D829.712

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