第二次世界大战中各主要参战国避免两线作战的战略与得失
发布时间：2018-07-13 09:53
【摘要】： 纵观第二次世界大战的历史可以看出,两线作战是主要参战国都遇到过的问题。如何避免两线作战成为关系到战争全局的重大战略和策略问题。深入研究第二次世界大战中的两线作战问题,对于研究反法西斯战争胜利的原因和避免两线作战这一重大战争命题,是大有益处的。 为了避免两线作战问题的出现,第二次世界大战中的各主要参战国从政治、外交等各方面做出了不懈的努力。但是由于作战性质和策略的不同,出现了不同的结果。德国为了避免两线作战,一方面利用英法的绥靖政策,步步推进,各个击破,另一方面又与苏联签订互不侵犯条约,在一段时间内成功的避免了两线作战。但是后来在未击败英国的情况下,又迫不及待的发动了入侵苏联的战争,最终陷入了两线作战的泥潭。日本由于深陷中国战场不能自拔,实际上面临三线作战的困境。为摆脱这种困境,日本最终确立了“北守南进”的政策,根据形势的发展,调整日苏关系,以稳住苏联。但是由于中国人民的奋起抵抗,日本在发动了太平洋战争后,还是陷入了中国战场与太平洋战场的两线夹击中。在苏德战争结束后,日本又遭到苏联宣战的沉重打击。苏联在第二次世界大战中成功地避免了两线作战问题。大战前夕,苏联通过与德国签订互不侵犯条约,避免了首先受到德国的入侵,赢得了一定的作战准备的时间。在德国入侵前后,为了避免两线作战,苏联对日本采取了一系列的对策。通过张鼓峰事件和诺门坎事件,苏军给日军以沉痛打击,使日军认识到了苏军的威力,不敢贸然“北进”。此后苏联还与日本签订了苏日中立条约,以缓和与日本的关系。苏联始终未陷入两线作战的困境,还有一个重要原因:中国人民的抗日战争拖住了日本陆军的主力,使日本无力“北进”。美国在战争中虽然陷入了两洋作战的困境,但是美国始终坚持“先欧后亚”的战略,从而正确的解决了两线作战的主次关系,取得了对德、对日作战的胜利。 本文将从三个方面对各主要参战国在第二次世界大中遇到的两线作战问题进行阐述。一、各主要参战国在第二次世界大战中面临的两线作战的形势;二、分析各主要参战国避免两线作战的措施;三、总结各主要参战国避免两线作战的经验和教训。
[Abstract]:Looking at the history of World War II, we can see that two-line combat is a problem encountered by major participating countries. How to avoid two-line operations has become an important strategic and strategic issue related to the overall situation of the war. It is of great benefit to study the cause of the victory of the anti-fascist war and the proposition of avoiding the two-line combat in the second World War. In order to avoid the two-line combat problems, the major countries in World War II made unremitting efforts in politics, diplomacy and other aspects. However, due to the nature of the operation and different strategies, there are different results. In order to avoid the two lines of war, on the one hand, Germany used the appeasement policy of Britain and France to advance step by step, each of them broke down, on the other hand, it signed a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union, and successfully avoided the two lines of war for a period of time. But then, without defeating Britain, he could not wait to launch the invasion of the Soviet Union, and ended up in the quagmire of two-line warfare. Japan, trapped in the Chinese battlefield, is in fact facing the dilemma of three-line combat. In order to get rid of this dilemma, Japan finally established the policy of "advancing from north to south" and adjusted the relations between Japan and Soviet Union according to the development of the situation in order to stabilize the Soviet Union. But because of the resistance of the Chinese people, Japan, after launching the Pacific War, was caught in a two-line attack between the Chinese and Pacific battlefields. After the end of the Soviet-German war, Japan was hit hard by the Soviet Union's declaration of war. The Soviet Union successfully avoided two-line combat problems in World War II. On the eve of the war, the Soviet Union, by signing a non-aggression treaty with Germany, avoided first being invaded by Germany and won a certain time for war preparation. Before and after the German invasion, the Soviet Union took a series of countermeasures against Japan in order to avoid two-line combat. Through the events of Zhang Gufeng and Normecan, the Soviet Army struck hard at the Japanese army and made the Japanese army realize the power of the Soviet army and dare not rush "northward." Since then, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of neutrality, to ease relations with Japan. The Soviet Union was never caught in the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, and there was another important reason: the Chinese people's War of Resistance against Japan had dragged down the main force of the Japanese Army and made Japan unable to "move northward". Although the United States was caught in the dilemma of fighting between the two oceans in the war, the United States always adhered to the strategy of "first Europe before Asia", thus correctly resolved the principal and secondary relations between the two lines of combat, and won the war against Germany and Japan. In this paper, the two-line combat problems encountered by major countries in the second world are discussed from three aspects. First, the situation of the major participating countries in the two-line operations in the second World War; second, the analysis of the measures taken by the major participating countries to avoid the two-line operations; and third, the summary of the experiences and lessons of the major participating countries in avoiding the two-line operations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K152
本文编号：2118969
[Abstract]:Looking at the history of World War II, we can see that two-line combat is a problem encountered by major participating countries. How to avoid two-line operations has become an important strategic and strategic issue related to the overall situation of the war. It is of great benefit to study the cause of the victory of the anti-fascist war and the proposition of avoiding the two-line combat in the second World War. In order to avoid the two-line combat problems, the major countries in World War II made unremitting efforts in politics, diplomacy and other aspects. However, due to the nature of the operation and different strategies, there are different results. In order to avoid the two lines of war, on the one hand, Germany used the appeasement policy of Britain and France to advance step by step, each of them broke down, on the other hand, it signed a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union, and successfully avoided the two lines of war for a period of time. But then, without defeating Britain, he could not wait to launch the invasion of the Soviet Union, and ended up in the quagmire of two-line warfare. Japan, trapped in the Chinese battlefield, is in fact facing the dilemma of three-line combat. In order to get rid of this dilemma, Japan finally established the policy of "advancing from north to south" and adjusted the relations between Japan and Soviet Union according to the development of the situation in order to stabilize the Soviet Union. But because of the resistance of the Chinese people, Japan, after launching the Pacific War, was caught in a two-line attack between the Chinese and Pacific battlefields. After the end of the Soviet-German war, Japan was hit hard by the Soviet Union's declaration of war. The Soviet Union successfully avoided two-line combat problems in World War II. On the eve of the war, the Soviet Union, by signing a non-aggression treaty with Germany, avoided first being invaded by Germany and won a certain time for war preparation. Before and after the German invasion, the Soviet Union took a series of countermeasures against Japan in order to avoid two-line combat. Through the events of Zhang Gufeng and Normecan, the Soviet Army struck hard at the Japanese army and made the Japanese army realize the power of the Soviet army and dare not rush "northward." Since then, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of neutrality, to ease relations with Japan. The Soviet Union was never caught in the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, and there was another important reason: the Chinese people's War of Resistance against Japan had dragged down the main force of the Japanese Army and made Japan unable to "move northward". Although the United States was caught in the dilemma of fighting between the two oceans in the war, the United States always adhered to the strategy of "first Europe before Asia", thus correctly resolved the principal and secondary relations between the two lines of combat, and won the war against Germany and Japan. In this paper, the two-line combat problems encountered by major countries in the second world are discussed from three aspects. First, the situation of the major participating countries in the two-line operations in the second World War; second, the analysis of the measures taken by the major participating countries to avoid the two-line operations; and third, the summary of the experiences and lessons of the major participating countries in avoiding the two-line operations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K152
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
1 黄光耀;“先欧后亚”战略与太平洋战争爆发前夕的美国对华政策[J];杭州师范学院学报(人文社会科学版);2001年01期
2 夏正伟;略论第二次世界大战中的两线作战[J];军事历史研究;2004年04期
3 罗志刚;希特勒德国避免两线作战方针试析[J];求是学刊;1994年03期
4 陈香苓;;试论英美联军在第二次世界大战中的作用[J];新疆大学学报(哲学社会科学版);1986年04期
，本文编号：2118969
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2118969.html
最近更新
教材专著
