罗马与大希腊：公元前350-200年间的关系

发布时间：2018-07-16 20:53

【摘要】：公元前350—200年,罗马在征服南部意大利的过程中,和大希腊城邦产生了密切的联系。从两者波澜不惊地接触,到公元前200年前后罗马对大希腊城邦暴风骤雨般地重新征服,期间经历了第二次萨姆尼泰战争、皮洛士战争和第二次布匿战争,这三次战争对罗马和大希腊的关系产生了深远的影响。本文也将从这三次战争入手,来探讨罗马和大希腊关系的变化,并分析影响两者关系的因素。公元前350年之前,两者之间的交往很少：一方面,罗马此时自身面临着巨大的生存压力,无暇顾及南部意大利的事务,他在当时还有更重要的问题要处理。另一方面,对大希腊而言,罗马与其之间的利益联系并不紧密,同时,大希腊城邦本身也面临着内外纷争,无力去主动与罗马建立利益的切合点。第二次萨姆尼泰战争期间,罗马通过拿波里正式介入大希腊事务。此时,因为罗马打击的对象是萨姆尼泰人,因此对拿波里、塔林顿这些重要的大希腊城邦采取一种较为宽松的政策。而大希腊城邦此时的利益也还没受到实质性的损害,又加上本身力量衰弱,因而没有与罗马产生过多的摩擦。但是,面对罗马不断干涉大希腊内部的事务,作为大希腊霸主的塔林顿终于忍无可忍,于是请皮洛士来对抗罗马。在这次战争中,大希腊各个城邦都想利用其中一方的力量来实现自己的利益,因此对罗马的态度摇摆不定,而这也决定了大希腊城邦不可能形成一个对罗马的长远政策。第二次布匿战争后期,罗马和迦太基都将策略重点放在了争取大希腊城邦的支持上。本章节笔者通过叙述大希腊城邦忠诚和叛离罗马的史实,来分析影响罗马和大希腊关系的各种因素。最后罗马重新征服大希腊地区,为两者在这一时期的关系画上了一个圆满的句号。通过前面的分析,最后笔者从大希腊城邦的内外纷争、罗马利益的不断延伸和地区局势这三个方面来总结影响罗马和大希腊关系变化的原因：大希腊城邦的内外纷争是客观条件,罗马利益的不断延伸是主观动机,而地区局势则成了促成这种关系变化的催化剂。
[Abstract]:From 350 to 200 B.C . , Rome had a close connection between the conquest of the southern Italy and the Great Greek city . From both sides of the war , Rome had a far - reaching impact on the relations between Rome and the Great Greece . It also began with the three wars to probe into the changes in relations between Rome and Greece , and to analyze the factors that affect the relationship between them .

Before 350 B.C . , there was little communication between the two : on the one hand , Rome , at this time , faced enormous pressure of survival , taking into account the affairs of southern Italy , where he had more important issues to deal with . On the other hand , in the case of large Greece , the relationship between Rome and its interests was not tight , while the big Greek city itself faced internal and external strife and was unable to take the initiative to establish a point of interest with Rome .

During the Second Sam Nitai War , Rome was formally involved in the Great Greek affair by taking the wave . At this time , the subject of Rome ' s attack was Sam Niteman , and thus a more liberal policy was adopted against the important Greek city states , which were the important big Greek city states , and the big Greek city states had not suffered substantial damage at this time , coupled with the weakness of its own strength , and therefore did not have excessive friction with Rome .

But in the face of Rome ' s constant interference in the internal affairs of Greece , Tarrington , who was the big Greek overlord , was at last unable to bear , and then asked Mr . Piloch to fight Rome . In this war , all the big Greek cities want to use one of the forces to achieve their own interests , and thus to the Roman attitude , which also determines the impossibility of forming a long - term policy against Rome .

in that late stage of the war , both Rome and the age of age focused their strategy on the support of the great Greek polis .

Through the previous analysis , the author summarizes the reasons for the change of relations between Rome and Great Greece from three aspects : the internal and external strife of the Great Greek city , the extension of Roman interests and the situation in the region : the internal and external disputes of the Great Greek city state are objective conditions , and the continuous extension of the Roman benefit is the subjective motive , and the regional situation becomes the catalyst to bring about the change of the relationship .
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K126

【参考文献】