浅析卡塔尔的哈利法改革

发布时间：2018-07-17 21:25

【摘要】：卡塔尔因为国土面积狭小、人口稀少、自然环境恶劣,是一块在漫长的人类历史上长期受到忽视的地区。二十世纪初,石油的发现彻底改变了这块土地的面貌。占据统治地位的萨尼家族依靠丰富的石油财富巩固了政权,并推动卡塔尔开始了从传统部落社会向现代民族国家转变的历史进程。萨尼家族的第六任领导人哈利法·本·哈马德·萨尼(1972-1995年在位)在这一进程中扮演了重要的角色。从二十世纪六十年代成为实际上的统治者后,他在政治和经济领域发起了多项改革。在政治方面,哈利法颁布了临时宪法,明确了埃米尔、部长会议和协商会议的职权。行政机构的规模得到了扩展,大量的本国公民进入到公共领域就业。哈利法实现了对家族内部的控制,政权呈现相对稳定的状态,但仍出现了一些不安定因素。石油资源的国有化是哈利法任内最重要的经济改革措施。1973年的油价上涨带来了一段长达十年的石油经济繁荣期。在石油收入节节攀升的同时,卡塔尔政府实施经济多样化政策,并完善了社会福利体系。然而,哈利法在统治末期难以应对诸多矛盾,最终被他的儿子以温和性政变的方式所取代。哈利法时代的卡塔尔经历了威权主义现代化进程,并呈现出了典型的食利国家特征。
[Abstract]:Because of its small size, small population and harsh natural environment, Qatar has been neglected for a long time in human history. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the discovery of oil completely changed the face of the land. The ruling Thani family consolidated the regime with its rich oil wealth and pushed Qatar into a historic transition from a traditional tribal society to a modern nation-state. The sixth leader of the Thani family, Khalifa bin Hamad Thani (in power from 1972 to 1995), played an important role in the process. After becoming a de facto ruler in the 1960 s, he initiated a number of reforms in the political and economic spheres. On the political front, Khalifa promulgated an interim constitution that defined the powers of the Amir, the Council of Ministers and the Consultative Council. The size of the administration has been expanded and a large number of citizens have entered the public domain for employment. Khalifa achieved internal control of the family, the regime presents a relatively stable state, but there are still some unstable factors. The nationalization of oil resources was one of the most important economic reforms in Khalifa's administration. The 1973 rise in oil prices led to a decade-long oil boom. As oil revenues climb, the Qatari government has diversified its economy and improved its social welfare system. At the end of his reign, however, Khalifa struggled to cope with many contradictions and was eventually replaced by his son in a mild coup. Qatar in the Khalifa era experienced the modernization of authoritarianism and presented a typical national character of food and profit.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K385

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