试论罗马帝国前期的皇权思想
发布时间：2018-07-20 16:12
【摘要】： 在世界历史上,罗马的迅速崛起与扩张令人注目。这个台伯河畔的小邦,从一个占地不足50平方英里的年轻共和国不断向外开拓,到公元前3世纪中叶发展成为号令意大利半岛的霸主。公元前2世纪到公元前1世纪,罗马通过一系列的对外战争,更是由一个地区性国家变为一个横跨欧、亚、非三洲的帝国。罗马人迅猛地征服了地中海地区,面对这样一个庞大复杂且深具多样性的帝国,统治者们并非简单的使用武力统治,而是建立起一个成熟的皇权专制体制,围绕其皇权思想制定一系列的内外政策和发展一整套官僚体系。 罗马帝国前期的皇权思想实质是一种温和保守的专制主义,披着维护共和传统的外衣,以元首制的形式掩盖了皇帝的军事独裁统治,皇帝享有崇高的威望,他凌驾于元老院和其他官职之上,成为罗马世界的最高主宰。但是罗马帝国前期的皇权专制体制并非完全的中央集权,因此当时的皇权思想重点在于淡化人们对皇帝的抵触,逐步树立皇帝的权威。皇帝被塑造成贤良的明君,被民众赋与了无限的权利,并渲染成神灵作为宗教崇拜的对象。文学、建筑、雕刻等多种艺术形式以及宗教信仰、社会生活等等途径成为宣传的媒介,成功地将皇权思想运用到新的政治环境中,促进了强力稳定的政治局面的形成,加速了罗马化进程,从而带动整个帝国的发展。公元1至2世纪,是罗马帝国的强盛时期,在奥古斯都治下,帝国全境造成了一个相对稳定的政治局面,开创了延续百余年的所谓“罗马和平”时期。在当时社会经济发展和政治相对稳定的基础上,帝国前期罗马文化吸收了许多民族的文化成果,进入了兴盛时代,最终促使形成了希腊化-罗马文化。罗马在当时也日渐成为地中海地区的社会、经济和文化中心城市。罗马文明中的共和制度、法律制度和基督教文明不仅奠定了西方文明发展的基础,而且也确立了西方文明发展的方向。 全文共分为三个部分: 第一部分是引言:主要介绍罗马从城邦到帝国的发展过程,以及当前有关罗马帝国前期皇权思想的研究概况和本文的研究目的。 第二部分是正文部分。分为三个方面:一为皇权思想的内涵和背景,明确皇权思想的含义以及所产生的历史环境。二为皇权思想的初步发展,该部分从奥古斯都的政制、皇帝崇拜、皇权的世袭以及专制的成长四个层面阐述皇权思想的初步发展。三为皇权思想的运用和表现,该部分由五个小部分组成,分别从正统文化、文学、艺术形式、宗教信仰和社会生活方面介绍皇权思想的运用和表现。 第三部分为结语。简要总结了罗马帝国前期的皇权思想,以及其对罗马帝国长期稳定局面形成的作用。
[Abstract]:In the history of the world, the rapid rise and expansion of Rome was remarkable. This small state on the Taber River, from a young republic covering less than 50 square miles, continued to expand outward to the middle of the third century B.C. to dominate the Italian peninsula. From the second century BC to the first century BC, Rome, through a series of foreign wars, was transformed from a regional country into an empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. The Romans conquered the Mediterranean rapidly, and in the face of a vast, complex and diverse empire, the rulers did not simply use force to rule, but established a mature system of imperial autocracy. Make a series of internal and external policies and develop a set of bureaucrats around his imperial power thought. The thought of imperial power in the early Roman Empire was in essence a kind of moderate and conservative autocracy, dressed in the cloak of maintaining the Republican tradition, and covered up the military dictatorship of the emperor in the form of a head of state, and the emperor enjoyed high prestige. Above the Senate and other official positions, he became the supreme ruler of the Roman world. But the imperial autocratic system in the early Roman Empire was not completely centralized, so the thought of imperial power at that time focused on desalinating people's resistance to emperors and gradually establishing the authority of emperors. The emperor was shaped as a virtuous emperor, given unlimited rights by the people, and rendered as a god as the object of religious worship. Literature, architecture, sculpture and other artistic forms, religious beliefs, social life and other channels become the media of propaganda, successfully applying the imperial power thought to the new political environment, and promoting the formation of a strong and stable political situation. The process of Romanization was accelerated, which led to the development of the whole empire. The 1st to 2nd century AD was the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Under Augustus, the whole territory of the Empire created a relatively stable political situation and initiated the so-called "Rome Peace" period, which lasted for more than a hundred years. On the basis of the social and economic development and the relative stability of politics at that time, the Roman culture in the early imperial period absorbed the cultural achievements of many nationalities and entered into a prosperous era, which eventually led to the formation of Hellenization and Roman culture. Rome was also becoming the social, economic and cultural center of the Mediterranean. The Republican system, the legal system and the Christian civilization in the Roman civilization not only laid the foundation for the development of western civilization, but also established the direction of the development of western civilization. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: it mainly introduces the development of Rome from the city-state to the empire, as well as the current situation of research on the imperial power in the early period of the Roman Empire and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text part. It is divided into three aspects: first, the connotation and background of imperial power thought, the meaning of imperial power thought and its historical environment. The second is the initial development of the imperial power thought, which expounds the initial development of the imperial power thought from the four aspects of Augustus' political system, emperor worship, imperial power hereditary and autocratic growth. The third is the application and expression of imperial power thought, which is composed of five small parts, including orthodox culture, literature, art form, religious belief and social life. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the thought of imperial power in the early period of Roman Empire and its role in the formation of long-term stability of the Roman Empire.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K126
本文编号：2134064
[Abstract]:In the history of the world, the rapid rise and expansion of Rome was remarkable. This small state on the Taber River, from a young republic covering less than 50 square miles, continued to expand outward to the middle of the third century B.C. to dominate the Italian peninsula. From the second century BC to the first century BC, Rome, through a series of foreign wars, was transformed from a regional country into an empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. The Romans conquered the Mediterranean rapidly, and in the face of a vast, complex and diverse empire, the rulers did not simply use force to rule, but established a mature system of imperial autocracy. Make a series of internal and external policies and develop a set of bureaucrats around his imperial power thought. The thought of imperial power in the early Roman Empire was in essence a kind of moderate and conservative autocracy, dressed in the cloak of maintaining the Republican tradition, and covered up the military dictatorship of the emperor in the form of a head of state, and the emperor enjoyed high prestige. Above the Senate and other official positions, he became the supreme ruler of the Roman world. But the imperial autocratic system in the early Roman Empire was not completely centralized, so the thought of imperial power at that time focused on desalinating people's resistance to emperors and gradually establishing the authority of emperors. The emperor was shaped as a virtuous emperor, given unlimited rights by the people, and rendered as a god as the object of religious worship. Literature, architecture, sculpture and other artistic forms, religious beliefs, social life and other channels become the media of propaganda, successfully applying the imperial power thought to the new political environment, and promoting the formation of a strong and stable political situation. The process of Romanization was accelerated, which led to the development of the whole empire. The 1st to 2nd century AD was the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Under Augustus, the whole territory of the Empire created a relatively stable political situation and initiated the so-called "Rome Peace" period, which lasted for more than a hundred years. On the basis of the social and economic development and the relative stability of politics at that time, the Roman culture in the early imperial period absorbed the cultural achievements of many nationalities and entered into a prosperous era, which eventually led to the formation of Hellenization and Roman culture. Rome was also becoming the social, economic and cultural center of the Mediterranean. The Republican system, the legal system and the Christian civilization in the Roman civilization not only laid the foundation for the development of western civilization, but also established the direction of the development of western civilization. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: it mainly introduces the development of Rome from the city-state to the empire, as well as the current situation of research on the imperial power in the early period of the Roman Empire and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text part. It is divided into three aspects: first, the connotation and background of imperial power thought, the meaning of imperial power thought and its historical environment. The second is the initial development of the imperial power thought, which expounds the initial development of the imperial power thought from the four aspects of Augustus' political system, emperor worship, imperial power hereditary and autocratic growth. The third is the application and expression of imperial power thought, which is composed of five small parts, including orthodox culture, literature, art form, religious belief and social life. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the thought of imperial power in the early period of Roman Empire and its role in the formation of long-term stability of the Roman Empire.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K126
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 陈观林;罗马钱币的社会文化研究[D];辽宁大学;2010年
，本文编号：2134064
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