韩国经济发展（1945-1980）中的美国因素探析
发布时间：2018-07-20 21:22
【摘要】： 在战后短短30多年的时间内，韩国由一个世界上最贫穷的国家，一跃而成为一个新兴工业化国家，创造了举世瞩目的“汉江奇迹”。韩国之所以能在如此短的时间里取得如此辉煌的经济成就，是多种因素综合作用的结果，其中作为主要外部因素之一的美国因素发挥了关键性的作用。 本文以唯物史观为指导，在借鉴前人相关研究成果的基础上，从历史学实证研究的角度对1945-1980年间韩国经济发展过程中最重要的外部因素-美国因素进行了深入系统地探讨，并在此基础上揭示出了美国对战后韩国经济腾飞的深远影响。文章按照时间顺序，分别就美国军政时期、李承晚政府时期、朴正熙政府时期，美国对韩政策的主要内容及对韩国经济发展的影响等问题，分阶段进行了阐述。 在美国军政府时期(1945-1948年)，美国军政当局为把韩国改造成亚洲“民主的橱窗”和足够强大的资本主义国家，通过处理日本殖民遗产—“归属财产”，促进了韩国的资本原始积累；通过“归属农地”改革，在韩国确立了现代小农制发展的萌芽。从而，在韩国最终确立了以私有制为基础的资本主义经济体制的发展方向。 在李承晚政府时期(1948—1960年)，美国向韩国无偿地提供了巨额的经济和军事援助。其经济援助，在帮助韩国克服因战争带来的经济困难、支援韩国经济的恢复和重建、推动韩国实施“进口替代型”经济发展战略以及促进韩国财阀的形成，发挥了极其重要的作用，为60年代韩国经济的起飞奠定了物质基础；其军事援助，帮助韩国建立并维持了一支规模庞大的军队，这既为韩国提供了安全保障，又促进了韩国军人权威政权的形成，为60年代韩国经济的起飞培养了一个强有力的领导集团。 在朴正熙政府时期(1961—1979年)，韩国经济开始起飞并出现高速发展。尽管这一时期韩国经济发展的主要动力在于国内经济政策的变化和调整，但美国的作用仍然不能忽视。首先，美国促成了韩日邦交正常化，使韩国赢得了日本的经济援助，还扩大引进外资的渠道和范围；其次，韩国出兵参加越战，获得了大量的美国军事援助和军事订货，开拓了国际市场，成为这一时期韩国经济的“增长剂”；再次，美国及其盟友提供的资本、技术、市场等，，扫除了韩国经济发展的外部障碍，促成了韩国经济的崛起。 结语指出：美国扶植韩国的根本目的，是为了其冷战遏制战略服务的；战后韩国经济的崛起，是内因和外因综合作用的结果，离开了韩国的内部因素，美国因素是无法单独发挥作用的；韩国经济崛起的历程，也为众多发展中国家提供了重要启示。
[Abstract]:In a short period of more than 30 years after the war, South Korea has become a newly industrialized country from one of the poorest countries in the world, and has created the "Hanjiang Miracle" that attracts worldwide attention. South Korea's economic success in such a short period of time is the result of a combination of factors, including the United States as one of the main external factors played a key role. Under the guidance of historical materialism and on the basis of previous relevant research results, this paper makes a deep and systematic study of the most important external factor in the process of Korean economic development from 1945 to 1980, which is the American factor, from the perspective of historical empirical research. On this basis, it reveals the profound influence of the United States on the postwar Korean economy. According to the order of time, this paper expounds the main contents of American policy toward Korea and its influence on the economic development of Korea in the period of American military administration, the period of Li Seung-Man government, the period of Park Zhengxi administration, and so on. During the period of American military junta (1945-1948), American military and political authorities promoted the primitive accumulation of Korean capital in order to transform Korea into a "window of democracy" in Asia and a capitalist country strong enough to deal with the colonial heritage of Japan-"ascription property". Through the reform of the ownership of agricultural land, the sprout of modern smallholder system was established in South Korea. Thus, the development direction of capitalist economic system based on private ownership was finally established in Korea. During the Li Seung-Man government (1948-1960), the United States provided huge amounts of economic and military aid to South Korea free of charge. Its economic assistance is to help South Korea overcome the economic difficulties caused by the war, to support the recovery and reconstruction of the Korean economy, to promote South Korea's implementation of the "import substitution" economic development strategy, and to promote the formation of Korean chaebol. Played an extremely important role in laying the material foundation for the Korean economy to take off in the 1960s; its military assistance helped South Korea build and maintain a large army, which provided security for South Korea. It also promoted the formation of the Korean military authoritative regime and cultivated a strong leadership group for the economic takeoff in the 1960s. During Park Chung-hee 's administration (1961-1979), the Korean economy began to take off and developed at a high speed. Although the main driving force of South Korea's economic development in this period lies in the changes and adjustments of domestic economic policies, the role of the United States cannot be ignored. First, the United States facilitated the normalization of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan, so that South Korea won Japan's economic assistance and expanded the channels and scope for introducing foreign capital. Secondly, South Korea sent troops to participate in the Vietnam War and obtained a large amount of US military assistance and military orders. Moreover, the capital, technology and market provided by the United States and its allies have removed the external obstacles to the economic development of South Korea and contributed to the rise of the Korean economy. The conclusion points out that the fundamental purpose of the United States in fostering South Korea is to serve its Cold War containment strategy. The rise of the Korean economy after the war was the result of a combination of internal and external factors and left the internal factors of South Korea. The American factor cannot play a role alone; the process of South Korea's economic rise also provides important inspiration for many developing countries.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K312.6
本文编号：2134819
[Abstract]:In a short period of more than 30 years after the war, South Korea has become a newly industrialized country from one of the poorest countries in the world, and has created the "Hanjiang Miracle" that attracts worldwide attention. South Korea's economic success in such a short period of time is the result of a combination of factors, including the United States as one of the main external factors played a key role. Under the guidance of historical materialism and on the basis of previous relevant research results, this paper makes a deep and systematic study of the most important external factor in the process of Korean economic development from 1945 to 1980, which is the American factor, from the perspective of historical empirical research. On this basis, it reveals the profound influence of the United States on the postwar Korean economy. According to the order of time, this paper expounds the main contents of American policy toward Korea and its influence on the economic development of Korea in the period of American military administration, the period of Li Seung-Man government, the period of Park Zhengxi administration, and so on. During the period of American military junta (1945-1948), American military and political authorities promoted the primitive accumulation of Korean capital in order to transform Korea into a "window of democracy" in Asia and a capitalist country strong enough to deal with the colonial heritage of Japan-"ascription property". Through the reform of the ownership of agricultural land, the sprout of modern smallholder system was established in South Korea. Thus, the development direction of capitalist economic system based on private ownership was finally established in Korea. During the Li Seung-Man government (1948-1960), the United States provided huge amounts of economic and military aid to South Korea free of charge. Its economic assistance is to help South Korea overcome the economic difficulties caused by the war, to support the recovery and reconstruction of the Korean economy, to promote South Korea's implementation of the "import substitution" economic development strategy, and to promote the formation of Korean chaebol. Played an extremely important role in laying the material foundation for the Korean economy to take off in the 1960s; its military assistance helped South Korea build and maintain a large army, which provided security for South Korea. It also promoted the formation of the Korean military authoritative regime and cultivated a strong leadership group for the economic takeoff in the 1960s. During Park Chung-hee 's administration (1961-1979), the Korean economy began to take off and developed at a high speed. Although the main driving force of South Korea's economic development in this period lies in the changes and adjustments of domestic economic policies, the role of the United States cannot be ignored. First, the United States facilitated the normalization of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan, so that South Korea won Japan's economic assistance and expanded the channels and scope for introducing foreign capital. Secondly, South Korea sent troops to participate in the Vietnam War and obtained a large amount of US military assistance and military orders. Moreover, the capital, technology and market provided by the United States and its allies have removed the external obstacles to the economic development of South Korea and contributed to the rise of the Korean economy. The conclusion points out that the fundamental purpose of the United States in fostering South Korea is to serve its Cold War containment strategy. The rise of the Korean economy after the war was the result of a combination of internal and external factors and left the internal factors of South Korea. The American factor cannot play a role alone; the process of South Korea's economic rise also provides important inspiration for many developing countries.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K312.6
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 李敦球;韩美关系与韩国经济[J];当代韩国;1996年04期
本文编号：2134819
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