原敬内阁的外交政策

发布时间：2018-08-02 13:35

【摘要】：“平民首相”原敬(1856-1921)是确立日本近代政党政治的实力派政治家,组建了日本政治史上第一个真正意义上的政党内阁。1918年9月,原敬受命组阁,对内政外交进行了大刀阔斧的改革,扭转了日本在国际上的孤立境地,促进了日本经济社会的发展,巩固和扩展了日本在华的殖民利益,提高了日本在国际上的地位。本文在学界以往对原敬的研究成果之上,通过《原敬日记》等原始史料和相关文献,从整体上对原敬的外交思想和政策做一番考察和阐述。本文首先介绍了日本走向世界的开国之路,发现日本在开国的同时亦开始实行向外扩张的外交政策,从中找到原敬外交思想的历史渊源；日本通过甲午战争以及日俄战争扩张了国力,使日本得到了列强的承认,但与此同时,日本已经开始同美国产生了摩擦。第二部分考察了原敬协调外交思想的形成和发展过程。透过原敬早期对中国的认识和美国的认识,我们从中找到了原敬最初产生这一思想的原点；接着在一战中,通过对大隈寺内内阁的“大战外交”的批判,原敬开始形成了对美协调、对华亲善的外交路线。第三部分首先介绍原敬内阁成立时的国内外形势和所采取的内政改革措施；接着论述了原敬协调外交政策的实践,主要有“不干涉中国内政”和停止援段、加入新四国银行团、山东问题的交涉、西伯利亚撤兵和参加华盛顿会议等外交实践。第四部分对原敬的协调外交政策进行思考与评价。原敬提出的“日美提携”与“日中亲善”政策相对过去赤裸裸的军事武力扩张政策而言是具有相当的进步性；但同时还存在着一定的局限性。
[Abstract]:The "civilian Prime Minister" (1856-1921) was a powerful politician who established the political party politics of modern Japan. He formed the first real party cabinet in the history of Japanese politics. In September 1918, he was ordered to form a cabinet. The drastic reform of domestic and foreign affairs has reversed Japan's isolation in the world, promoted the development of Japan's economy and society, consolidated and expanded Japan's colonial interests in China, and enhanced Japan's position in the world. Based on the previous research results of Yuan Jing in academic circles, this paper makes an investigation and elaboration on Yuan Jing's diplomatic thoughts and policies by means of original historical materials and related documents, such as "Yuan Jing Diary". This paper first introduces Japan's way to the founding of the world, and finds out that Japan began to carry out a foreign policy of outward expansion while it was founded, and found the historical origin of the original thought of respecting diplomacy. Japan expanded its national strength through the Sino-Japanese War and the Japanese-Russian War, making it recognized by the powers, but at the same time, Japan has begun to have friction with the United States. The second part examines the formation and development process of Yuan Jing's coordinated diplomacy. Through his early understanding of China and the understanding of the United States, we find the origin of Yuan Jing's original thought. Then, in World War I, through the criticism of the "war diplomacy" of Okuma's cabinet, Haruki began to form a diplomatic line of reconciliation with the United States and goodwill to China. The third part first introduces the domestic and foreign situation and the domestic and foreign reform measures taken by the former cabinet, and then discusses the practice of Yuan Jing's coordinated foreign policy, which mainly includes "non-interference in China's internal affairs" and the suspension of the aid section, and joining the New Shikoku Bank Group. Shandong negotiations, Siberian withdrawal and participation in the Washington Conference and other diplomatic practice. The fourth part thinks and evaluates Yuan Jing's coordinated foreign policy. The policy of "Japanese-American support" and "Japan-China Goodwill" put forward by Yuan Jing is quite progressive compared with the naked military expansion policy in the past, but at the same time there are some limitations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K313.45

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